a-d-galactose

D-Galactose is a naturally occurring hexose and a C-4 epimer of glucose. It can combine with glucose to form lactose and is commonly used to establish animal models of aging.

Galactose is a monosaccharide and hexose sugar widely present in most living cells, primarily absorbed into the bloodstream via SGLT1 and GLUT2 transporters and metabolised through the Leloir pathway. It inhibits alglucerase activity in monkey kidney CoS-1 cells, is a key component of cellular glycosylation, and plays a crucial role in neonatal neural development.

Propargyl-PEG4-tetra-Ac-beta-D-galactose is a PEGylated proteolysis-targeting chimera (PROTAC) linker used for PROTAC synthesis [1].

UDP-a-D-Galactose disodium salt is a donor substrate for galactosyltransferases employed in the biosynthesis of galactose-containing oligosaccharides[1].

Galactose 1-phosphate Potassium salt (α-D-Galactose-1-phosphate Dipotassium Pentahydrate) is an intermediate in the galactose metabolism and nucleotide sugars metabolism pathways.

Dulcite (D-Galactitol) is a sugar alcohol that is a metabolic breakdown product of galactose.

D-Melibiose (Galalpha1-6Glcbeta) is a reducing disaccharide formed by an alpha-1, 6 linkage between galactose and glucose (D-Gal-α(1→6)-D-Glc).

D(+)-Raffinose pentahydrate (D-Raffinose pentahydrate) is a naturally occurring trisaccharide composed of fructose, galactose, and glucose, found in various vegetables and grains. It functions as a functional oligosaccharide.

IPTG (Isopropyl β-D-thiogalactoside) is a synthetic, non-metabolizable galactose analog. IPTG can trigger the transcription process of the lactose operon, thereby inducing the expression of corresponding proteins encoded by downstream genes of the lactose operon.

D-Tagatose (D-(-)-Tagatose), a rare natural hexoketose and isomer of D-galactose, occurs naturally in Sterculia setigera gum and is found in small quantities in various foods such as sterilized and powdered cow's milk, hot cocoa, and various cheeses, yogurts, and other dairy products. It can be synthesized from D-galactose by isomerization under alkaline conditions in the presence of calcium. D-Tagatose has numerous health benefits, including promotion of weight loss, no glycemic effect, anti-plaque, non-cariogenic, anti-halitosis, prebiotic, and anti-biofilm properties; it is beneficial for organ transplants, enhancement of flavor, improvement of pregnancy and fetal development, treatment of obesity, and reduction in symptoms associated with type 2 diabetes, hyperglycemia, anemia, and hemophilia. (PMID: 17492284).

D-(+)-Xylose (Wood sugar) is an aldopentose - a monosaccharide containing five carbon atoms and an aldehyde functional group. It has chemical formula C5H10O5 and is 40% as sweet as sucrose. Xylose is also found in mucopolysaccharides of connective tissue and sometimes in the urine. Xylose is the first sugar added to serine or threonine residues during proteoglycan type O-glycosylation. Therefore xylose is involved in the biosythetic pathways of most anionic polysaccharides such as heparan sulphate and chondroitin sulphate. In medicine, xylose is used to test for malabsorption by administering a xylose solution to the patient after fasting. If xylose is detected in the blood and/or urine within the next few hours, it has been absorbed by the intestines. Xylose is said to be one of eight sugars which are essential for human nutrition, the others being galactose, glucose, mannose, N-acetylglucosamine, N-acetylgalactosamine, fucose, and sialic acid. . Xylose in the urine is a biomarker for the consumption of apples and other fruits.

Raffinose (Melitriose) is an indigestible short-chain oligosaccharide, a trisaccharide composed of galactose, glucose and fructose, found in many plants. It can be hydrolyzed by α-galactosidase (α-GAL) to D-galactose and sucrose.

2-Deoxy-D-galactose is a glucose analog and glucose antagonist that inhibits the maintenance of hippocampal LTP and can suppress tumor growth by inhibiting the glycolytic process.

Galactose 1-dehydrogenase, pseudomonas fluorescens, a dehydrogenase found in Pseudomonas fluorescens, facilitates the oxidation of L-arabinose and D-galactose, utilizing NADP+/NAD+ as a cofactor. This enzyme is employed in diagnostic assays to quantify total galactose levels and serves as a biocatalyst in the production of galacturonic acid salts.

L-Galactose (Galactose, L-) is a natural product that is widely found in plants and animals. L-Galactose has been shown to be a key intermediate in the molecular pathway for the conversion of D-glucose to oxalic acid in Pistia stratiotes.L-Galactose has been shown to be a key intermediate in the molecular pathway for the conversion of D-glucose to oxalic acid.

Anticanceragent 232 (compound 12f) is a sugar hybrid designed from 1-azide glycosides derived from d-glucose, d-galactose, and d-mannose. The IC50 values for this compound are 1.05 μM against MCF-7 cells and 18.03 μM for MDA-MB231 cells.

N-Acetyl-D-galactosamine-6-phosphate (disodium) is a galactosamine phosphate involved in galactose metabolism and the phosphotransferase system (PTS), which can be hydrolyzed by NagA.

Stachyose tetrahydrate (D-Stachyose tetrahydrate) is a tetrasaccharide consisting of two α-D-galactose units, one α-D-glucose unit, and one β-D-fructose unit sequentially.

Gaxilose, also known as 4-Galactosylxylose, a synthetic disaccharide and a substrate of intestinal lactase. Gaxilose is used in a new noninvasive diagnostic test based on urine or serum measurement of D-xylose after lactase cleavage of orally administered

N-acetyl-D-Lactosamine (N-Acetyllactosamine) is a disaccharide consisting of galactose and N-acetylglucose, which is an important component of various oligosaccharides and can be used as a starting material for the synthesis of various oligosaccharides. N-acetyl-D-Lactosamine may be used as a structural element naturally in various sugar conjugates and can also be used to characterise lectins, which have probiotic effect.

(2R)-Glycerol-O-β-D-Galactopyranoside is a natural substrate of the lactose operon of intestinal bacteria. It has an inhibitory effect on RAJI cells and is widely used in biochemical experiments and drug synthesis research.

D-Galactosan is a galactose derivative suitable for biochemical experiments and drug synthesis research.

6-O-beta-D-Galactopyranosyl-D-galactose, a disaccharide, is a constituent of the polysaccharide backbone characterized by beta-(1→6) glycoside linkages, with a side chain attached to the primary chain through a beta-(1→3) bond.

N-Acetyl-D-galactosamine (GalNAc) is a terminal essential amino sugar derived from galactose and forms the antigens of blood group A in humans.