6-hydroxydopamine

Oxidopamine hydrobromide (6-OHDA hydrobromide) is a widely used neurotoxin and an antagonist of the neurotransmitter dopamine. It selectively destroys dopaminergic neurons, promotes COX-2 activation, induces PGE2 synthesis, and stimulates the secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β. It is commonly used to establish animal models of Parkinson’s disease (PD).

Oxidopamine hydrochloride (6-Hydroxydopamine hydrochloride) is a widely used neurotoxin and an antagonist of the neurotransmitter dopamine. It selectively destroys dopaminergic neurons, promotes COX-2 activation, induces PGE2 synthesis, and stimulates the secretion of the inflammatory cytokine IL-1β. It is commonly used to establish animal models of Parkinson’s disease (PD).

Flavanomarein demonstrates potent antioxidative property, including free radical scavenging activity, inhibition of lipid peroxidation, as well as lipid-lowering effects in human HepG2 hepatocellular carcinoma cells treated with free fatty acids (FFAs).

6-Hydroxy-L-DOPA is the 6-hydroxy derivative of the amino acid L-DOPA with neurotoxic properties. Exogenously administered 6-Hydroxy-L-DOPA is biotransformed by an amino acid decarboxylase to the highly potent and catecholamine-selective neurotoxin, 6-Hydroxydopamine.

MAO-B-IN-47 is a selective inhibitor of monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) with a Ki value of 875 nM. It exhibits an IC50 value of over 100 μM in SH-SY5Y cells and demonstrates neuroprotective effects in SH-SY5Y cells treated with 6-hydroxydopamine. MAO-B-IN-47 is applicable in research on neurological disorders such as Parkinson's disease (PD).

Chrysotoxine (Phenol, 4-[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl]-2,6-dimethoxy-) inhibits 6-hydroxydopamine induced apoptosis in SH-SY5Y cells via NF-κB modulation and mitochondria protection.

LY503430 is a AMPA receptor potentiator with oral activity. LY503430 has both nootropic and neuroprotective effects, reducing brain damage caused by 6-hydroxydopamine or MPTP.

SKF-80723 HBr is a D1 receptor agonist. SKF-80723 HBr strongly potentiated the contralateral circling induced by quinpirole in rats with a unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) lesion of the medial forebrain bundle.

ABT-107, a selective α7 neuronal nicotinic receptor agonist, demonstrates neuroprotective effects against nigrostriatal damage in rats with unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine lesions.

Docosahexaenoic acid ethyl ester (Ethyl docosahexaenoate) enhances 6-hydroxydopamine-induced neuronal damage by inducing lipid peroxidation in the mouse striatum, and can be used to study oxidative diseases of the retina or neurons.

1. Acetylcorynoline (O-Acetylcorynoline) has antifungal,anti-inflammatory activity. 2. Acetylcorynoline may be one of the potent immunosuppressive agents through the blockage of dendritic cells maturation and function. 3. Acetylcorynoline is potential as a possible antiparkinsonian drug. (1) Significantly decreases dopaminergic neuron degeneration induced by 6-hydroxydopamine in BZ555 strain; (2) Prevents α-synuclein aggregation; (3) Restores food-sensing behavior, and dopamine levels; (4) Prolongs life-span in 6-hydroxydopamine-treated N2 strain. 4. Acetylcorynoline may exert its effects by decreasing egl-1 expression to suppress apoptosis pathways and by increasing rpn5 expression to enhance the activity of proteasomes.

Inubritannolide A exhibits moderate to robust neuroprotective effects across various neuronal cell types against inducers such as H2O2, 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), and lipopolysaccharide (LPS).

HPO-DAEE (4-Hydroperoxy-2-decenoic acid ethyl ester) performs multiple roles in cellular processes, primarily enhancing nuclear accumulation of Nrf2 and activating the antioxidant response element (ARE). It upregulates antioxidant genes such as HO-1 through Nrf2-ARE signaling and initiates the generation of reactive oxygen species. Additionally, HPO-DAEE inhibits histone deacetylase, promoting the expression of extracellular superoxide dismutase via histone acetylation. It offers protection against 6-hydroxydopamine-induced cell death by activating the Nrf2-ARE and eIF2α-ATF4 pathways [1].

Eticlopride is a potent and selective D2 receptor antagonist that has been studied in rats with extensive dopamine denervation induced by 6-hydroxydopamine. Administering Eticlopride daily for 21 days increases D2 receptor density in intact brain regions; however, it does not further elevate the already increased density in denervated areas. Despite changes in receptor density, functional sensitivity remains evident, as demonstrated by the contralateral rotations induced by the D2 agonist quinpirole during the washout period. This study suggests that chronic D2 receptor blockade and dopamine denervation may share a common mechanism in upregulating D2 receptor density, contrary to previous reports of additive effects with denervation and antagonist treatment.

Fustin is the phytogenic flavanol component of the plant Rhus verniciflua Stokes. Fustin shows protective effects on 6-hydroxydopamine-induced neuronal cell death.