( ) butin

(-)-Butin (Butin) has antioxidant activity, can protect cells against H2O2-induced apoptosis, oxidative DNA damage and oxidative mitochondrial dysfunction; it attenuates oxidative stress by activating Nrf2-mediated Mn SOD induction via the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.

Butin, the major bioactive flavonoid isolated from Dalbergia odorifera heartwood, possesses oral activity with notable antioxidant, antiplatelet, and anti-inflammatory effects. This compound effectively alleviates myocardial infarction, improves cardiac function, and prevents diabetes-induced cardiac oxidative damage in rats.

(+)-Butin is the R-enantiomer of butin and exhibits potential anti-fertility activity. Butin is a natural flavonoid compound that is orally active and possesses significant antioxidant, antiplatelet, and anti-inflammatory effects.

Trimebutine CTB salt (GIC-1001) is an opioid receptor agonist used in the study of pain.

Arbutin (p-Arbutin)(β-Arbutin) is a glycosylated hydroquinone extracted from the bearberry plant in the genus Arctostaphylos and can inhibit tyrosinase and thus prevent the formation of melanin.

Trimebutine (Mebutin) is a spasmolytic agent that regulates intestinal and colonic motility and relieves abdominal pain with antimuscarinic and weak mu-opioid agonist effects. It is marketed for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and lower gastrointestinal tract motility disorders, with IBS being one of the most common multifactorial GI disorders. It is used to restore normal bowel function and is commonly present in pharmaceutical mixtures as trimebutine maleate salt form. Trimebutine is not an FDA-Approved/Clinical drug, but it is available in Canada and several other international countries.

Busulfan is an alkylating antineoplastic agent derived from dimethane sulfonate, with cytotoxic and immunosuppressive properties. It primarily acts by forming carbonium ions in vivo, which induce cross-linking between DNA strands or between DNA and proteins, leading to DNA damage, inhibition of DNA replication, and suppression of RNA transcription. In addition, Busulfan can inhibit thioredoxin reductase and induce apoptosis. It is commonly used as a myeloablative agent in preconditioning regimens for bone marrow transplantation and can also be used to establish anemia models.

Trimebutine maleate (Polibutin) is a weak mu-opioid agonist and has antimuscarinic effects. Trimebutine is an agonist of peripheral mu, delta, and kappa opiate receptors served as a spasmolytic drug for therapy of both chronic and acute abdominal pain.

Rifabutin (LM-427) inhibits bacterial DNA-dependent RNA polymerase, thereby suppressing the initiation of RNA formation and leading to inhibition of RNA synthesis and transcription. Rifabutin is a semisynthetic ansamycin antibiotic with potent antimycobacterial properties.

Methylarbutin (ß-PMP-Glc;4-Methoxyphenyl β-D-Glucopyranoside) is an ice recrystallization inhibitor (IRI)

DeoxyArbutin(IC50=50 nM) inhibits tyrosinase activity reversibly.

MC-Val-Cit-PAB-rifabutin is a drug-linker conjugate for antibody-drug conjugates (ADC), featuring the potent antitumor agent rifabutin (a DNA-dependent RNA polymerase inhibitor) connected via the MC-Val-Cit-PAB ADC linker, which endows it with significant antitumor activity.

Biriperone is a potential neuroinhibitor that acts by blocking D1, D2, and 5-HT2A receptors.

Butinoline (also known as azulone) was once utilized as an antispasmodic compound for the treatment of gastritis.

2-Fluorodeoxyarbutin is a derivative of Deoxyarbutin and acts as an inhibitor of tyrosine hydroxylase and dopa oxidase. It suppresses melanin synthesis in intact melanocytes and can be utilized in the study of skin lightening or the treatment of pigmented lesions.

(-)-2-Fluorodeoxyarbutin is a fluorinated derivative of deoxyarbutin, which acts as a tyrosinase inhibitor.

(+)-2-Fluorodeoxyarbutin is a fluorinated derivative of the tyrosinase inhibitor deoxyarbutin.

α-Arbutin (4-hydroxyphenyl-D-lucopyranoside) is a synthetic and functional active ingredient for skin lightening.

Clobutinol has anti-tussive effects. Clobutinol affects heart rate and blood pressure, it can be used for cough related research [1] [2] [3].

Clanobutin inhibits gluconeogenesis and acts as a choleretic and digestion-stimulating agent.

Hexbutinol methiodide is an inhibitor of muscarinic receptors.

Hexbutinol is an inhibitor of muscarinic receptors.

Clobutinol hydrochloride, an antitussive agent, influences heart rate and blood pressure, and is utilized in cough-related research [1] [2] [3].

(R)-(+)-Deoxyarbutin, an isomer of deoxyarbutin, acts as a tyrosinase inhibitor. Effective at a concentration of 21 µM, it diminishes tyrosinase activity and has been demonstrated to lighten the skin in hairless guinea pigs with dark, medium, and light pigmentation when applied at a 1% concentration.