Ligusticum

1. Senkyunolide I has neuroprotective effect, associated with its anti-oxidation and anti-apoptosis properties.

Butylphthalide (3-Butylphthalide) is an anti-cerebral-ischemia drug; first isolated from the seeds of Apium graveolens Linn.

Senkyunolide H, a natural compound found in Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort., exhibits potential therapeutic properties beneficial for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases and inflammatory conditions.

Coniferyl ferulate is a strong inhibitor of glutathione S-transferase (GST) isolated from Radix Angelicae sinensis. It shows strong inhibition of human placental GST (IC50: 0.3 μM). It also reverses multidrug resistance and downregulates P-glycoprotein.

Senkyunolide A is a natural product isolated from Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort, with anti-tumor activity.

Perlolyrine (Tribulusterine) is a naturally occurring alkaloid with molecular docking capacity (-5.73 to -6.59 kJ/mol) with MAPK1, MAPK14, and SRC, with potential anticancer and anti-inflammatory effects.

1. 3-Butylidenephthalide (Butylidene phthalide) has antihyperglycemic effect is due to inhibition of α-glucosidase at the intestinal level, inhibited the activity of yeast-α-glucosidase (IC(5) 2.35 mM) in a noncompetitive fashion with a K(i) of 4.86 mM.

Ligustrazine (Tetramethylpyrazine), a natural compound isolated from Chinese herbal medicine Ligusticum wallichii (Chuan Xiong) shows anti-inflammation, antioxidant, antiplatelet, and antiapoptosis activities.

Ligustrazine hydrochloride (Chuanxiongzine hydrochloride) is a chemical compound found in natto and in fermented cocoa beans with anti-inflammation, antioxidant, antiplatelet, and antiapoptosis activities.

Phthalide is a naturally occurring benzofuranone aromatic compound widely found in Apiaceae plants such as celery, angelica, and ligusticum. Phthalide can be used to synthesize various phthalate derivatives, including anti-inflammatory agents, antimicrobial agents, antioxidants, and blood-tumor barrier modulators.

Kaempferol-3-O-α±-D-arabinoside displays cytotoxic and high antioxidant activity.Kaempferol-3-O-arabinoside and kaempferol-3-O-glucoside can function as antioxidants in biological systems, particularly skin exposed to UV radiation by scavenging ROS, and protect cellular membrane against ROS; they can be applicable to new cosmeceuticals for antioxidant, antiaging, and antibacterial activity.

Senkyunolide G and senkyunolide I could serve as pharmacokinetic markers for sepsis care.