Cardiospermum

Salidroside is a bioactive phenolic glycoside compound isolated from Rhodiola rosea and is a prolyl endopeptidase inhibitor. Salidroside can alleviate cachexia symptoms in a tumor cachexia mouse model by activating mTOR signaling and protect dopaminergic neurons by enhancing PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitochondrial autophagy. Salidroside can also inhibit the growth of cancer cells by regulating the CDK4-cyclin D1 pathway to block the G1 phase and/or regulating the Cdc2-cyclin B1 pathway to block the G2 phase.

Rosiridin (6'-O-Deacetylrosiridoside C) has cardioprotective activity.

Rosarin has anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects. Rosarin supresses the expression of the proinflammatory factors iNOS, IL-1 β, and TNF- α in the kidney and prefrontal cortex of brain in mice .

Gossypetin, a hexahydroxylated flavonoid extractable from Rhodiola rosea Linn. is a potent MKK3 and MKK6 inhibitor that strongly attenuates the MKK3/6-p38 signaling pathway.Gossypetin exhibits antimutagenic, antiatherosclerotic, antioxidant, as well as cytoprotective and antimicrobial effects.It inhibits bone resorption by downregulating lysosomal caspase K activity and inducing autophagy-associated proteins in actin ring osteoclasts. Gossypetin has anti-mutagenic, anti-atherosclerotic, anti-oxidant, cytoprotective and antibacterial effects, and it inhibits bone resorption by down-regulating lysosomal caspase K activity and by inducing autophagy-associated protein in actin ring osteoblasts.

Sequoyitol (5-O-Methyl-Myo-Inositol), a methyl derivative of inositol, is often used to treat diabetes.

Rhodiosin is a compound with antioxidant activity.

N-Acetyl-L-aspartic acid is a derivative of aspartic acid, synthesized in neurons from the amino acid aspartic acid and acetyl coenzyme A. N-Acetyl-L-aspartic acid has antioxidant activity.

Rhodiocyanoside A (Multifidin) is a flavonoid that can be extracted from Rhodiola, showing inhibitory activity against histamine release from peritoneal exudate cells sensitized with anti-2,4-dinitrophenyl IgE in rats.

Crenulatin, a natural gallotannin, has a bi-directional effect on apoptosis in mouse cerebral microvascular endothelial cells, acting through the regulation of Fas/Bcl-2 expression and caspase-3 activity.

Methyl decanoate (capric acid methyl ester) is an ester compound commonly used as an intermediate in organic synthesis and widely applied in biochemical experiments.

Rhodiolin, a natural product from Rhodiola rosea, blocks glycolysis of glucose 6-phosphate isomerase (GPI) in human papillary thyroid cancer (PTC), inhibits phosphorylation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway and induces apoptosis of PTC cells.

11-Eicosenoic Methyl Ester is a fatty acid methyl ester widely used in biochemical experiments and drug synthesis research.

Iso-Lotaustralin is the isomer of Lotaustralin. Lotaustralin is a cyanogenic glycoside found in foods such as pili nuts, corn salad, carrots, acorns, and carobs, with potential as a dietary biomarker, and Iso-Lotaustralin belongs to the class of glycosides whose aglycone contains a cyanide group, making it significant for nutritional and toxicological studies.