D-Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate is a central metabolite in cellular energy metabolism, serving as a key intermediate in glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, and the Calvin cycle. D-Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate also contributes to biosynthetic pathways such as tryptophan and thiamin synthesis, making it an essential molecule in biochemical and metabolic research.

Desmeninol is an α-hydroxy analogue of methionine, which is widely used as feed additive for livestock and poultry, and used for balanced protein metabolism management of patients with renal insufficiency.

N,N'-Diacetylchitobiose is a chitin di-sugar and lysozyme inhibitor. It can serve as the sole carbon source for wild-type Escherichia coli and can reverse myocardial inhibition in canine Escherichia coli sepsis.

Pyridoxamine 5′-phosphate is the active coenzyme form of vitamin B6 bound to phosphate, involved in amino acid metabolism and influencing growth, cognitive development, immunity, and steroid hormone activity.

α-Lipoic Acid sodium (Thioctic acid sodium) is an antioxidant and essential cofactor for mitochondrial enzyme complexes. It inhibits NF-κB-dependent HIV-1 replication, induces endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma cells, and modulates SREBP-1, FOXO1, and Nrf2 to improve high-fat diet-induced hepatic steatosis.

Vitamin U chloride is a compound with antioxidant, anti-ulcer, and orally available properties that inhibits adipocyte differentiation and promotes skin wound healing, suitable for gastrointestinal ulcers.

α,α-Trehalose 6-phosphate potassium is a glucose analogue with potent anti-hyperglycemic activity. It serves as a central signaling molecule in carbon metabolism regulation, particularly in plants and microorganisms, where it functions as a sensor for sucrose or glucose levels. In vivo, Tre6P is rapidly converted to its end product, α,α'-trehalose, by the enzyme α,α-Trehalose 6-phosphate phosphatase (T6PP). Beyond its role as a metabolic intermediate, Tre6P demonstrates potential in diabetic models to alleviate hyperglycemic symptoms by modulating glucose homeostasis.