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Hapten-Carrier Protein Conjugates are formed by covalently linking small, non-immunogenic molecules (haptens) to high-molecular-weight carrier proteins, thereby enhancing their immunogenicity and enabling the induction of specific antibodies in experimental animals. This conjugation strategy is widely used for generating antibodies against small molecules such as drugs, hormones, and neurotransmitters. Common carrier proteins include keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH), bovine serum albumin (BSA), and ovalbumin (OVA), which have large molecular weights and strong immunogenicity, effectively facilitating the immune system’s recognition of haptens. Hapten-Carrier Protein Conjugates can be applied in various immunological assays, including antibody production, ELISA, Western blotting, and immunoprecipitation.
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