spermatozoa

LY294002 (SF 1101) is a broad-spectrum inhibitor of PI3K, inhibiting PI3Kα, PI3Kδ, and PI3Kβ (IC50=0.5 0.57 0.97 μM). LY294002 is also an inhibitor of DNA-PK (IC50=1.4 μM) and an inhibitor of CK2 (IC50=98 nM). LY294002 activates apoptosis and autophagy.

LY-294002 hydrochloride (NSC 697286) is a synthetic molecule inhibitor of PI3Kα δ β (IC50: 0.5 0.57 0.97 μM, in cell-free assays); more stable than Wortmannin in solution, and also is a blocker of autophagosome formation.

6PPD-Q (6PPD-Quinone) is an environmental pollutant that can target CNR2, CNR1, AA2AR, LCAT and TRPA1. Among them, CNR2 has the highest binding affinity and may act as a CNR2 receptor agonist to activate cannabinoid receptors. 6PPD-Q can damage the sperm quality and induce the impairment of male reproductive ability in mice. 6PPD-Q can induce intestinal inflammation and barrier damage by disrupting mitochondrial function, reducing neuronal glycolytic metabolites and TCA cycle intermediates, and exacerbating α-synuclein (α-syn) aggregation.

Calyculin A ((-)-Calyculin A), a toxicant in the Japanese marine sponge CDiscodermia calyxC, is a selective and potent inhibitor of protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) and protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), inducing hyperactivation of cryopreserved bovine spermatozoa and inhibiting radiation-induced gammaH2AX DNA repair disease in human lymphocytes. gammaH2AX DNA repair foci in human lymphocytes.

5α-Cholesta-7,24-dien-3β-ol, a sterol, is found in mature spermatozoa of the hamster cauda epididymis.

Bourgeonal is an agonist of human testicular olfactory receptor hOR17-4. It increases cytosolic calcium levels in human spermatozoa, acts as a chemoattractant, and increases swimming speed in sperm chemotaxis assays in a concentration-dependent manner.

Lewis a trisaccharide (Lewis a) is a significant component of glycan structures on spermatozoa and a major constituent of surface glycans on HL-60 cells [1].

RS-25344 is a potent and selective phosphodiesterase (PDE) 4 inhibitor. It inhibits eosinophil chemotaxis and increases progressive motility of spermatozoa in vitro.