situations

L-Alanyl-L-glutamine (Ala-Gln), a dipeptide composed of alanine and Gln, is an alternative supplement to L-glutamine in the production of biopharmaceuticals with better solubility and stability than glutamine (Gln).

Labetalol (Apo-Labetalol) is a mixed alpha/beta-adrenergic antagonist.It is used to treat high blood pressure. It can be given by mouth for long term hypertension management or intravenously in severe hypertensive situations. The pharmacokinetics of labetalol is affected by the common CYP2C19 polymorphisms.

VU 0255035 is a highly selective, competitive, and brain-penetrant muscarinic M1 receptor antagonist with an IC50 of 130 nM, used to reduce pilocarpine-induced seizures in mice and to examine the role of the M1 receptor in diverse situations.

FR-168888, a new Na+/H+ exchange inhibitor, can protect the heart from arrhythmia and myocardial cell death in ischemic and reperfused situations.

Latanoprost is an F-series prostaglandin (PG) analog which has been approved for use as an ocular hypotensive drug. Oxidation of the C-15 hydroxyl group without isopropyl ester hydrolysis produces 15-keto latanoprost. 15-keto Latanoprost is a potential metabolite of latanoprost when administered to animals. 15-keto Latanoprost is also one of the common minor impurities found in commercial preparations of the bulk drug compound. Although much less potent that the parent compound latanoprost, 15-keto latanoprost still retains the ability to produce a small but measurable decrease (1 mm Hg) in the intraocular pressure of normal cynomolgus monkeys when administered at a dose of 1 μg/eye. 15-keto Latanoprost is also a miotic in the normal cat eye, causing an 8 mm reduction in pupillary diameter at 5 μg/eye. Again, this is not as potent as many other F-type PGs; for example, PGF2α will produce this degree of miosis at a dose of less than 1 μg/eye. Products of β-oxidation account for most of the metabolites of latanoprost recovered in plasma and urine. However, 15-keto latanoprost is a minor metabolite, and one which could be enhanced in situations where β-oxidation is reduced.

FR-168888 free base is a new Na+/H+ exchange inhibitor. FR-168888 has a strong inhibitory effect on Na+/H+ exchange and has been shown to protect the heart from arrhythmia and myocardial cell death in ischemic and reperfused situations.

ZD7114, also known as ICI-D7114, is a selective adrenoceptor agonist of brown fat and thermogenesis. ICI D7114 stimulates thermogenesis at doses that have little effect on beta 1 or beta 2 adrenoceptors. Treatment with ICI D7114 activates BAT and thermogenesis even in species and situations where the intrinsic capacity is low. ICI D7114 has beneficial effects in animal models of obesity and disturbed glucose and lipid homeostasis.