rna-polymerases

Tubercidin (Sparsomycin A), an adenosine analogue, is a nucleoside antibiotic. It is incorporated into DNA and inhibits polymerases, thereby inhibiting DNA replication and RNA and protein synthesis. This agent also exhibits antifungal and antiviral activities.

Juglone (Regianin) is a natural naphthoquinone found in the black walnut (J. nigra) and other plants in the Juglandaceae family. Juglone also irreversibly inhibits peptidyl-prolyl cis trans isomerases of the parvulin family, including human Pin1, yeast Ess1 Ptf1, and E. coli parvulin (Ki = 55.9 nM). Juglone also blocks transcription by RNA polymerases I, II, and III (IC50s = 2-7 μM) and attenuates kidney fibrosis in rats treated with unilateral ureteral obstruction, both through Pin1-independent mechanisms.

5-(Hydroxymethyl)uracil is a product of oxidative DNA damage and is capable of enhancing or inhibiting potential epigenetic markers for transcription by bacterial RNA polymerases.

Tsugaric acid A significantly inhibits superoxide anion formation in fMLP CB-stimulated rat neutrophils and protects human keratinocytes against damage induced by ultraviolet B (UV B) light, indicating that tsugaric acid A can safeguard keratinocytes from photodamage.

Aphidicolin 17-acetate is a selective inhibitor of eukaryotic DNA polymerase α (DNA polymeraseα) that does not inhibit DNA polymerases β and γ. It significantly suppresses DNA synthesis in sea urchin embryos and HeLa cells in vivo without affecting RNA and protein synthesis.