nerves

AP-18 is a potent and selective TRPA1 inhibitor. AP-18 inhibits activation of TRPA1 induced by 50 μM Cinnamaldehyde with an IC50 of 3.1 μM and 4.5 μM for human and mouse TRPA1, respectively. AP-18 could reverse complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)-induced mechanical hyperalgesia in mice. AP-18 could attenuate Yo-Pro uptake induced by 30 μM AITC in a concentration-dependent manner (IC50= 10.3 μM).

Angiotensin II human (Ang II) is a biologically active peptide, a vasoconstrictor. Angiotensin II interacts with AT1R and AT2R to regulate blood pressure, stimulate sympathetic nerves, and increase aldosterone biosynthesis and renal activity in humans.

Fipronil (Fluocyanobenpyrazole) is a broad-use insecticide that belongs to the phenylpyrazole chemical family. Fipronil is a broad-spectrum insecticide that disrupts the insect central nervous system by blocking GABA-gated chloride channels and glutamate-gated chloride (GluCl) channels, resulting in central nervous system toxicity. This causes hyperexcitation of contaminated insects' nerves and muscles. Specificity of fipronil on insects may come from a better efficacy on GABA receptor, but also because GluCl channels do not exist in mammals.

Choline bitartrate (2-hydroxyethyl(trimethyl)azanium) is a form of the nutrient choline which is found in foods. Choline is necessary for normal liver and kidney function and a component of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, a chemical that facilitates communication between the nerves and muscles.

Myelin Basic Protein (MBP 4-14) is a protein believed to be important in the process of myelination of nerves in the nervous system.

Escin Ib inhibits gastric emptying, at least in part, mediated by capsaicin-sensitive sensory nerves, to stimulate the synthesis and or release of dopamine, to act through central dopamine2 receptor, which in turn causes the release of PGs.

Sphingomyelins (SMs) are bioactive sphingolipids found in mammalian cell membranes.1SMs make up 2-15% of the total organ phospholipid population but are found at higher concentrations in the brain and myelin sheaths surrounding peripheral nerves. They interact with cholesterol to control its distribution within cellular membranes and maintain cholesterol homeostasis in cells. SMs undergo hydrolysis by sphingomyelinase to form ceramides, which are sphingolipid mediators of intracellular signaling.2This product is a mixture of SMs, with variable fatty acyl chain lengths, isolated from buttermilk. [Matreya, LLC. Catalog No. 1329] 1.Slotte, J.P., and Ramstedt, B.The functional role of sphingomyelin in cell membranesEur. J. Lipid Sci. Technol.109(10)977-981(2007) 2.Shayman, J.A.SphingolipidsKidney Int.58(1)11-26(2000)

GW406381 is a highly selective inhibitor of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). GW406381 also attenuates spontaneous ectopic discharge in the sural nerves of rats following chronic constriction injury.

1,2-Dilaurin is a diacylglycerol compound with lauric acid at the sn-1 and sn-2 positions. It is utilized as an internal standard for quantifying diacylglycerols in desheathed rat sciatic nerves. Monomolecular films containing 1,2-dilauroyl-rac-glycerol serve as substrates to assess surface pressure and the effects of procolipase and colipase on porcine pancreatic lipase activity.

Isorhoifolin is a flavonoid glycoside from the Periploca nigrescens that promotes the regeneration of damaged brain neurons and retinal nerves.

PACAP-related peptide (PRP) is an endogenous 29-amino acid peptide that belongs to the secretin/glucagon superfamily of peptides, which includes secretin , glucagon , glucagon-like peptide-1 , GLP-2 , and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide . It is expressed in rat hypothalamus as well as within the nerves of the median eminence, the anterior pituitary, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, cerebellum, cerebral cortex, and amygdala. PRP is also expressed in vaginal, uterine cervical, uterine horn, fallopian tube, and ovarian tissues from the rat female genital tract and is present in extracts of male testis tissue.

Tinyatoxin is a neurotoxin that works through vanillin receptors on sensory nerves.

(+)-Dropropizine can inhibit histamine receptor, anti-allergic, and reduce a cough by modulation of neuropeptides involved in the cough reflex and by interfering with stimulus activation of peripheral endings of sensory nerves.

Drofenin is an anticonvulsant. It is an anticholinergic that acts both at the level of the nerves and the muscle fibers (neurotropic musculotropic effect). Drofenin also acts as FIASMA (functional inhibitor of acid sphingomyelinase )

Funapide (TV 45070) is a potent Sodium Channel Nav1.7 inhibitor with potential anti-inflammatory activity for the treatment of erythema gangrenosum, musculoskeletal pain, knee osteoarthritis, and postherpetic nerves.

Peripheral Myelin P0 Protein (180-199) [mouse] is a purified component of myelin found in peripheral nerves, serving as a neuritogenic peptide that initiates neuronal process growth.

1. Huperzine-B is a efficient inhibitor of human brain AChE. 2. Huperzine-B can enhance ognitive and protect neuro, may be potentially new drug candidates for Alzheimer's disease therapy.

YVAD-CHO is an inhibitor of interleukin-1β converting enzyme (ICE, caspase 1) that has been shown to partially mitigate motoneuron death in mice with lesioned facial nerves [1].

Guaiacol Carbonate is an expectorant that acts via virtue of a reflex from the stomach by way of the afferent gastric nerves to the medullary centers, then via peripherally again to the respiratory tract[1].