microorganisms

Glyco-Obeticholic acid is an active metabolite of Obeticholic acid. Obeticholic acid is an agonist of the farnesoid X receptor (FXR).

Tauro-Obeticholic acid is an active Obeticholic acid metabolite. Obeticholic acid is an orally bioavailable agonist of farnesoid-X receptor (FXR).

Pentamidine dihydrochloride (MP-601205 dihydrochloride) is an aromatic diamidine agent effective against various microorganisms, including protozoa (Trypanosoma brucei, Leishmania spp., and Babesia spp.) and fungi (Pneumocystis jirovecii). It is a potent and selective inhibitor of protein tyrosine phosphatases and phosphatase of regenerating liver. Pentamidine dihydrochloride inhibits the parasite Leishmania infantum with an IC50 of 2.5 μM.

α-Hydroxyglutaric Acid Lithium, converted from glutamate in microorganisms and animals, is an inhibitor of α-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase and 5-methylcytosine hydroxylase, and has an inhibitory effect on ATP synthase and mTOR signaling.

Cetylpyridinium chloride monohydrate (Hexadecylpyridinium chloride monohydrate) , a cationic quaternary ammonium compound, is used in certain classes of throat sprays, mouthwashes, lozenges, toothpaste, nasal sprays, and breath sprays. Cetylpyridinium chloride monohydrate has also been used as an ingredient in certain pesticides. It is an antiseptic with killing bacteria and other microorganisms. It can be potent in reducing gingivitis and preventing dental plaque. It may result in brown stains between the teeth and on the surface of teeth.

Cefmetazole sodium (Sodium cefmetazole) is a semisynthetic cephamycin antibiotic with broad-spectrum activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms. It demonstrates a high rate of efficacy in various types of infections, and to date, no severe side effects have been noted.

Cefmenoxime hydrochloride (Cefmenoxime hemihydrochloride) is a cephalosporin antibiotic that is administered intravenously or intramuscularly. It is active against most common gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms, is a potent inhibitor of Enterobacteriaceae, and is highly resistant to hydrolysis by beta-lactamases. The drug has a high rate of efficacy in many types of infection and to date, no severe side effects have been noted.

Phenylethyl isothiocyanate (JC5411) is an HDAC inhibitor. It potentially for the treatment of benign prostatic hypertrophy.

Palmitic acid (Cetylic acid) is a natural product, a common saturated fatty acid found in animals, plants and microorganisms. Palmitic acid has antitumor activity.

Hyaluronic acid (hyaluronan) is a glucosaminoglycan consisting of D-glucuronic acid and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine disaccharide units that is a component of connective tissue, skin, vitreous humour, umbilical cord, synovial fluid and the capsule of certain microorganisms contributing to adhesion, elasticity, and viscosity of extracellular substances.

Ectoine (L-Ectoine) is an osmoprotectant in a variety of microorganisms including halophilic and heterotrophic bacteria and non-halophilic bacteria such as the Streptomyces species, as well as E.coli.

D-Arginine is the D-isomer and inactive form of L-Arginine.D-Arginine is an endogenous metabolite and inhibitor of EC 4.1.1.19 (arginine decarboxylase), has broad-spectrum toxicity to microorganisms, and acts as a regulator of microbial subpopulations.

Fenchyl alcohol is a monoterpene alcohol extracted from the essential oil of Douglas fir leaves and used as a flavor. It significantly inhibits the activity of rumen microorganisms in sheep and deer.

Isophorone (3,5,5-trimethyl-2-cyclohexen-1-one), a monoterpene, and the structurally related 1,8-cineole and camphor, have demonstrated a protective effect against cancer, biological activity against a variety of microorganisms, and anti-oxidant propertie

Berberine hydrogen sulphate (Umbellatine Sulfate) , an alkaloid extracted from several plants, possesses antimicrobial activity against a wide variety of microorganisms including Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, fungi, and protozoa.

Laccase (Denilite IIS) is a polycopper oxidase (MCOs) widely found in microorganisms, plants, and fungi with antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity that can be used in the study of cancer.Laccase promotes oxidative coupling of mono-lignin in lignin formation.

Ozenoxacin (T-3912) is a quinolone antibacterial. It shows potent activities against the main microorganisms isolated from soft tissue and skin infections.

Monocaprylin (Sefsol 318) is a monoglyceride of caprylic acid with an excellent antibacterial activity. Monocaprylin inhibits a variety of foodborne pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms and has the potential for an alternative food preservative research.

Sodium taurocholate (Taurocholate Sodium) hydrate is the main end product of cholesterol catabolism. During enterohepatic circulation, bile taurocholic acid is converted by the microorganisms to taurodeoxycholic acid and deoxycholic acid.[3] These are reabsorbed by the liver via a carrier-mediated process and converted by liver enzymes to taurocholic acid.

1-Kestose shows significant anti-hydroxyl radical potential. 1-Kestose can promote intestinal Lactobacillus number, and influence the microorganisms as well as the intestinal and systemic immune responses.

Fenchyl alcohol is a monoterpene alcohol extracted from the essential oil of Douglas fir leaves and used as a flavor. It significantly inhibits the activity of rumen microorganisms in sheep and deer.

Tylosin (Tylosine) is a macrolide antibiotic obtained from cultures of Streptomyces fradiae. The drug is effective against many microorganisms in animals but not in humans.

Cefmenoxime is a cephalosporin antibiotic administered intravenously or intramuscularly. It is an effective inhibitor of Enterobacteriaceae and is resistant to beta-lactamase-initiated hydrolysis. It is active against most common gram-positive and gram-ne

Cyclo(L-Pro-L-Val), a 2,5-diketopiperazine extracted from the fruits of Mycobacterium chiliolyticum AZ2 and Mycobacterium leprae, possesses anti-inflammatory activity and virulence activity against phytopathogenic microorganisms (e.g., R. fascians LMG 3605) and inhibits Gram-positive plant pathogens.Cyclo(L-Pro-L-Val) significantly inhibited IKKα phosphorylation and IκBα and NF-κB activation as well as iNOS and COX-2 activation in a concentration Cyclo(L-Pro-L-Val) significantly inhibited the phosphorylation of IKKα, IKKβ, IκBα, and NF-κB, as well as the activation of iNOS and COX-2 in a concentration-dependent manner, and is a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of inflammation-related diseases.