inflammatory stimuli

Damascenone is a mixture of E- and Z-isomer damascenones, characteristic compounds with anti-inflammatory properties derived from Epipremnum pinnatum.

3-Carene(Delta-3-Carene) is a bicyclic monoterpene extracted from western larch and Douglas-fir that acts as a phytofungicide.3-Carene inhibits inflammatory infiltrates and COX-2 overexpression induced by nociceptive stimuli.3-Carene has anti-injury properties and promotes the activity and expression of alkaline phosphatase, an early marker of osteoblast differentiation.

Zharp1-163 is a dual inhibitor of ferroptosis and necroptosis. It effectively blocks ferroptosis by reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and inhibits necroptosis by potently and selectively targeting RIPK1 kinase activity (KD = 240 nM; IC50 = 406.1 nM). Zharp1-163 suppresses the cellular activation of RIPK1, RIPK3, and MLKL induced by necroptosis stimuli. The compound significantly alleviates TNF-α-induced systemic inflammatory syndrome, preventing TNF-α-induced lethality and hypothermia in mice. Additionally, Zharp1-163 mitigates acute kidney injury related to necroptosis and ferroptosis in models induced by cisplatin and ischemia-reperfusion. Zharp1-163 is applicable for studying diseases linked to cellular death pathways, such as kidney diseases.

TSI-01, a pro-inflammatory phospholipid mediator, is rapidly synthesized by lyso-PAF acetyltransferase (lyso-PAFAT) in response to extracellular stimuli. Two types of lyso-PAFAT have been identified: LPCAT1, predominantly expressed in lungs, and LPCAT2, expressed in inflammatory cells. TSI-01 is a selective inhibitor of LPCAT2 (IC50 values of 0.47 μM and 3.02 μM for human LPCAT2 and LPCAT1, respectively). At 60 μM, it suppresses PAF biosynthesis in calcium ionophore-stimulated mouse peritoneal macrophages.

JNJ-28583113 is a brain-penetrant TRPM2 antagonist that induces phosphorylation of GSK3α and β subunits, protecting cells from oxidative stress-induced cell death. It inhibits microglia response to pro-inflammatory stimuli, used in the study of neurological diseases.

Asebogenin is a natural product isolated from the leaves of Pieris japonica that exhibits antifungal activity, inhibits GPVI-induced platelet responses, and suppresses NET formation induced by pro-inflammatory stimuli.

PTD-p65-P1 Peptide, a selective inhibitor of the nuclear transcription factor NF-kappaB, consists of a conjugation between a membrane-translocating peptide derived from antennapedia (PTD) and p65-P1. This composition effectively inhibits activation triggered by diverse inflammatory stimuli.

Amyloid A proteins (H2N-Ala-Gly-Leu-Pro-Glu-Lys-Tyr-OH) are a family of apolipoproteins associated with high-density lipoprotein in plasma. Different isoforms of SAA are expressed constitutively at different levels or in response to inflammatory stimuli.

TAT-AKAP79 326-336 is a cell-penetrating peptide that mimics a specific region (amino acid sequence 326-336) of the AKAP79 protein, which interacts with the TRPV1 ion channel. It can inhibit the sensitization of TRPV1, thus reducing the hyperreaction of the TRPV1 channel to stimuli caused by the activation of cellular kinases by inflammatory mediators, such as protein kinase A (PKA) and protein kinase C (PKC). TAT-AKAP79 326-336 is valuable for researching mechanisms of nociception and inflammatory hyperalgesia.