human dendritic cells

Jagged-1 (188-204)is a fragment of the JAG-1 protein. JAG-1 is Notch ligand, a peptide that is the most conspicuously expressed ligand in skin. JAG-1 induces epidermal maturation. Exposing submerged keratinocytes monolayers to JAG-1 with elevated calcium concentration produces stratification with loricrin expression and NF-αB activation.

3-Hydroxykynurenamine, also known as 3-Hydroxy-L-kynurenamine or 3-HKA, is a biogenic amine produced via an alternative pathway of tryptophan metabolism. In vitro, 3-HKA has an anti-inflammatory profile by inhibiting the IFN-γ mediated STAT1/NF-κΒ pathway in both mouse and human dendritic cells (DCs) with a consequent decrease in the release of pro-inflammatory chemokines and cytokines, most notably TNF, IL-6, and IL12p70. 3-HKA has protective effects in an experimental mouse model of psoriasis by decreasing skin thickness, erythema, scaling and fissuring, reducing TNF, IL-1β, IFN-γ, and IL-17 production, and inhibiting generation of effector CD8+ T cells. Similarly, in a mouse model of nephrotoxic nephritis, besides reducing inflammatory cytokines, 3-HKA improves proteinuria and serum urea nitrogen, overall ameliorating immune-mediated glomerulonephritis and renal dysfunction.This compound is unstable in powder form and other related salt forms are recommended.

ar-Turmerone is a natural volatile organic compound extracted from the rhizomes of turmeric (Curcuma longa). ar-Turmerone exhibits oral bioavailability and possesses biological activities such as antitumor, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and neuroprotective effects. ar-Turmerone exerts a positive regulatory effect on dendritic cells in mice. Ar-turmerone can induce neural stem cell proliferation both in vitro and in vivo, making it useful for research on neurological disorders. Ar-turmerone induces apoptosis in U937 cells.

1-Arachidonoyl-2-hydroxy-sn-glycero-3-PA is a phospholipid that contains arachidonic acid at the sn-1 position, serving as a precursor to 1-Monoarachidin. It binds with the LPA2/EDG4 receptor and can inhibit the secretion of TNF-α and IL-6 induced by LPS in wild-type dendritic cells but does not affect Lpa2-/- dendritic cells. Additionally, it reduces the differentiation of HT-29 human colon cancer cells into goblet cells in the presence of sodium butyrate.

TLR7/8 agonist 13 is an orally active dual agonist of TLR7 (with a lowest effective concentration (LEC) [hTLR7] of 1.6 μM) and TLR8 (LEC [hTLR8] of 1.6 μM). It acts on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (hPBMC) with agonistic activity (LEC [hPBMC] = 0.5 μM). In mice and cynomolgus monkeys, TLR7/8 agonist 13 induces endogenous IFNα, activates myeloid dendritic cells and monocytes, promoting their differentiation towards a TH1 phenotype. In chronic AAV-HBV mouse models, it reduces viral load and HBV surface antigen levels. TLR7/8 agonist 13 has the potential to indirectly induce IFNγ, facilitating the response of HBV antigen-specific CD8 T cells. This compound is useful for hepatitis B virus research.

ODN 2216 sodium is a human-specific TLR9 (toll-like receptor 9) ligand or agonist. It induces significant production of IFN-α and IFN-β. The compound stimulates IFN-α through pDC (plasmacytoid dendritic cells) and produces IL-12(p40) via DC (dendritic cells). ODN 2216 triggers peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) to produce IFN-γ indirectly, mediated by IFN-α/β. Additionally, ODN 2216 sodium can activate NK cells and enhance IFN-γ production in TCR-triggered CD4+ T cells.

SN38-(PEG)2-Pom-α is a selective PROTACRPL15 degrader. It induces ubiquitin-mediated degradation of RPL15 without affecting TOP1. Additionally, SN38-(PEG)2-Pom-α can prompt cancer cells to secrete damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), activating the cGAS-STING pathway in dendritic cells. In a human CRBN-expressing mouse melanoma model, SN38-(PEG)2-Pom-α demonstrates synergistic tumor growth inhibition when used in combination with anti-PD-1 antibodies. This compound is valuable for melanoma research.

BIT225 is a human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Vpu inhibitor with antiviral activity that inhibits HIV-1 replication in bone marrow dendritic cells and inhibits ion channels formed by HIV-1 Vpu.

1-Arachidonoyl lysophosphatidic acid is a phospholipid containing arachidonic acid at the sn-1 position. It has been found in rat brain as 37% of the arachidonic acid-containing lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) species and is a precursor to 1-arachidonoyl glycerol . 1-Arachidonoyl lysophosphatidic acid binds to the LPA2/EDG4 receptor with an EC50 value of approximately 10 nM. It prevents TNF-α and IL-6 secretion in wild-type but not Lpa2-/- dendritic cells stimulated by LPS. It also decreases differentiation of HT-29 human colon carcinoma cells to goblet cells in the presence of sodium butyrate.

BLX3887 is a highly potent and selective inhibitor of 15-lipoxygenase type 1 (15-LO-1), exhibiting an IC50 of 32 nM in cell-free enzyme assays, with marked selectivity over 15-LO-2, which it does not inhibit, as well as over 5-LO (IC50 = 472 nM) and 12-LO (IC50 = 3,310 nM). BLX3887 selectively suppresses 15-LO metabolite production in eosinophils over neutrophils at 10 μM while additionally inhibiting endocytosis and migration of human peripheral blood mononuclear cell–derived dendritic cells in vitro, highlighting its utility in inflammatory and immune cell signaling research.

PSMα3 is a peptide compound that can be utilized to induce tolerance in dendritic cells (DCs) for DC vaccination strategies. It effectively penetrates and modulates human monocyte-derived DCs by modifying the maturation process induced by TLR2 or TLR4. Additionally, PSMα3 inhibits the production of both pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and decreases antigen uptake. Notably, PSMα3 is a significant virulence factor released by the most pathogenic strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).

ODN 2216 is a human-specific Toll-like receptor 9 agonist that induces robust production of interferon-α and interferon-β, activates plasmacytoid dendritic cells and conventional dendritic cells to produce IL-12. ODN 2216 indirectly stimulates IFN-γ release in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and enhances NK cell and TCR-triggered CD4+ T-cell responses for immunological research.

Daxdilimab is a fully human monoclonal antibody targeting ILT7 (LILRA4), which is specifically expressed on plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs). Daxdilimab depletes pDCs in circulation and tissues by inducing ADCC. As pDCs are the primary source of Type 1 interferons (IFN-I), this antibody effectively reduces IFN-I production and suppresses interferon-inducible gene signatures, serving as a tool for researching autoimmune diseases like SLE, dermatomyositis, and Sjögren's syndrome.

NF546 (hydrate), a selective non-nucleotide P2Y11 agonist, exhibits a pEC50 value of 6.27 and induces interleukin-8 secretion from human monocyte-derived dendritic cells [1].

PSMα3 TFA is a peptide used to direct dendritic cells (DCs) towards a tolerogenic state, critical for DC vaccination approaches. It modulates human monocyte-derived DCs by disrupting maturation induced by TLR2 or TLR4, suppressing pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine secretion, and reducing antigen assimilation. Notably, PSMα3 TFA is a significant toxin secreted by highly virulent methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains [1] [2].

HOXB7 (8-25), a peptide fragment derived from homeobox B7 (HOXB7)—a key controller of cell growth and oncogene activator—facilitates antigen presentation when pulsed onto dendritic cells obtained from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). This process promotes the activation and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) production by CD4+ helper T cells, triggering targeted and broad-spectrum antitumor responses.

Surfactant protein A (SP-A) (196-215) is a synthetic peptide derived from the C-terminal carbohydrate recognition domain of human SP-A, specifically amino acids 196-215. This peptide suppresses LPS-induced TNF-α release in JAWSII mouse dendritic cells at 1 and 10 µM concentrations and promotes phagocytosis of P. aeruginosa at a 75 µM concentration. Furthermore, intratracheal administration of SP-A (196-215) at a dose of 50 µg per animal reduces disease severity and lung colony-forming units in mice infected with P. aeruginosa.

EGFRvIII peptide, a synthetic peptide mirroring the EGFRvIII fusion junction—a tumor-specific, perpetually active EGFR variant missing amino acids 6-273 of the wild-type—binds to HLA-A*0201-positive T2 cells under MHC class I at 25 µg/ml. It enables antigen presentation in dendritic cells from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), thus activating CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes and prompting IFN-γ production. Administered at 15 µg/animal with the TLR5 agonist flagellin B, EGFRvIII peptide elevates CD8+ T cell numbers, lowers regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the brain, diminishes tumor volume, and extends survival in a GL261 glioblastoma mouse model.

M04 acts as a stimulator of interferon genes (STING) agonist, effectively inducing IFN reporter gene expression in HEK293T cells equipped with wild-type human STING. Its activity is specific, not affecting HEK293T cells with the R71H-G230A-R293Q (HAQ) human STING variant or mouse RAW 264.7 cells, showcasing allelic- and species-dependent effects at a concentration of 75 µM. This compound also stimulates the production of TNF-α, IL-10, IL-1β, and IL-12p70 in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). At 50 µM, M04 enhances human monocyte-derived dendritic cells' expression of HLA-DR (MHC class II receptor) and co-stimulatory molecules CD40, CD80, and CD86, improving T cell cross-priming in an ex vivo assay.

Reflocibart is a highly specialized humanized monoclonal antibody target the human immunoglobulin-like transcript 7 protein, which is exclusively expressed on the surface of plasmacytoid dendritic cells, depletion of these cells via antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity across various preclinical experimental models to modulate systemic type I interferon levels in autoimmune disorders.

IBI-397 is a human monoclonal antibody (mAb) that targets SIRPα/CD172a. It enhances T cell proliferation mediated by human monocyte-derived dendritic cells, while also increasing the expression of CD86 and HLA-DR. IBI-397 exhibits antitumor activity in a mouse model of MDA-MB-231 tumors and can be used for research on myeloma.

FAZ-053 is a human monoclonal antibody (mAb) that targets B7-H1/PD-L1/CD274. It inhibits the interaction of PD-L1 with PD-1 and B7-1 on monocytes, dendritic cells, and B cells. Additionally, FAZ-053 enhances the production of interleukin-2 and is applicable in research studies on advanced alveolar soft part sarcoma (ASPS), chordoma, and triple-negative breast cancer.

CDX-1140 is a human IgG2 CD40 agonist antibody. It activates dendritic (DC) and B cells and induces NF-kB stimulation in CD40-expressing reporter cell lines. CDX-1140 functions independently of Fc receptor binding and works synergistically with natural CD40L signaling. It exhibits both direct and immune-mediated antitumor activity, making it useful for lymphoma and solid tumor research.

Anti-Human CD172a Antibody (3F9) is a monoclonal inhibitory antibody targeting human CD172a (SIRPα), which can specifically recognize the transmembrane glycoprotein CD172a expressed on the surface of myeloid cells (monocytes, dendritic cells, macrophages, etc.).