ethidium

Ethidium bromide (EB) A trypanocidal agent and possible antiviral agent that is widely used in experimental cell biology and biochemistry. Ethidium has several experimentally useful properties including binding to nucleic acids, noncompetitive inhibition of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, and fluorescence among others. It is most commonly used as the bromide. Ethidium bromide has a λEx of 300-360 nm and a λEm of 590 nm.

Acridine ethidium heterodimer is a fluorescent indicator.

Ethidium monoazide bromide, a fluorescent dye that intercalates with DNA, selectively penetrates bacteria possessing compromised membranes. Upon photoactivation, it forms covalent bonds with DNA, enabling it to exclusively stain dead cells [1].

Dihydroethidium (PD-MY 003) is a peroxide indicator with blue fluorescence in the cytoplasm (λex=518 nm, λem=616 nm), which disappears when oxidized and is cell permeable.

EthD-1 (Ethidium homodimer) is a high-affinity fluorescent nucleic acid dye that emits red fluorescence upon binding to DNA or RNA, with excitation/emission wavelengths of 528/617 nm. EthD-1 is impermeable to cells and cannot be used in live cells.