embryotoxicity

Proguanil hydrochloride (Chloroquanil) is a biguanide compound which metabolizes in the body to form cycloguanil, an anti-malaria agent.Upon hydrolysis, Proguanil hydrochloride is converted to its active cyclic triazine metabolite, cycloguanil, by a cytochrome P450 dependent reaction. Cycloguanil selectively inhibits the bifunctional dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase of plasmodium parasite, thereby disrupting deoxythymidylate synthesis and ultimately blocking DNA and protein synthesis in the parasite.

Potassium oxonate is a uricase inhibitor that suppresses the phosphorylation of 5-FU to 5-fluorouridine-5'-monophosphate and is commonly used to establish hyperuricemia models.

AChE-IN-74 (Compound 10) is a cholinesterase modulator. It inhibits the proliferation of liver cancer cells Hep3B and SkHep1, with IC50 values of 3.6 and 19.9 μM, respectively. In a zebrafish model, AChE-IN-74 exhibits low embryotoxicity at concentrations of 10-15 μM.

PDGFRαkinase-IN-2 is a potent inhibitor of PDGFR-α with an IC50 of 2.1 nM. It exhibits anticancer activity against human colon cancer HT-29 cells, with an IC50 of 1.48 μM. Additionally, PDGFRαkinase-IN-2 demonstrates anti-angiogenic properties in zebrafish models with low embryotoxicity, making it suitable for research in colon cancer and anti-angiogenesis.

Dehydroleucodine has antidiarrheal, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, embryotoxicity, gastric cytoprotective, anti-cancer activities. Dehydroleucodine has an important inhibitory effect in cellular pathways regulating adipocyte differentiation by modulat

2,3-Dimercaptopropanesulfonate (DMPS) acts as a mercury chelator. It lowers renal mercury concentrations while elevating urinary mercury levels in both uninephrectomized and normal rats treated with mercuric chloride. In a mouse model of developmental toxicity induced by heavy metals, DMPS (administered at 180 or 360 mg/kg per day for four days) mitigates methylmercury chloride-induced increases in embryotoxicity and fetal and maternal mortality, while also preventing the reduction in fetal bone ossification when given to pregnant mice.