diet-induced

Neomangiferin (Mangiferin 7-glucoside) has beneficial effects on high fat diet-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in rats. Neomangiferin and mangiferin inhibit tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase, a biochemical marker of osteoclast function and bone resorption.

Punicalagin is a major ellagitannin found in pomegranates that is reported to produce antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer effects. It has been shown to prevent high-fat diet-induced obesity-associated accumulation of cardiac triglyceride and ch

CP-544439 is an orally active and potent MMP-13 inhibitor that prevents diet-induced obesity and inhibits adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes in mice, and can be used for the study of obesity.

LI-2242 is a potent inositol hexakisphosphate kinase (IP6K) inhibitor with IC50s of 31 nM, 42 nM, 8.7 nM, and 1944 nM for IP6K1, IP6K2, IP6K3, and IPMK, respectively.LI-2242 ameliorated hepatic steatosis by reducing the expression of genes that enhance lipid uptake, lipid stabilization, and adipogenesis, and enhanced mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate (OCR) and insulin signaling in adipocytes and hepatocytes in vitro. LI-2242 ameliorated diet-induced obesity, hyperglycemia and hepatic steatosis in mice.LI-2242 can be used to study type II diabetes, obesity, metabolic complications, venous thrombosis and psychiatric disorders.

Nicotinamide riboside increases NAD[+] levels and activates SIRT1 and SIRT3, culminating in enhanced oxidative metabolism and protection against high fat diet-induced metabolic abnormalities.

Rhododendrol (Frambinol) is a melanin synthesis and acts by preventing high-fat diet-induced elevation in body weight and increasing lipolysis in white adipocytes in male mice. Rhododendrol can be used as the lightening/whitening cosmetics inhibitor.

Emodin (Frangula emodin) is an 11β-HSD1 inhibitor with a selective IC50 of 186 and 86 nM against 11β-HSD1 in humans and mice, respectively. Emodin has antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer effects. Emodin can improve metabolic disorders in diet-induced obese mice.

Oxfenicine (4-Hydroxy-L-phenylglycine) is a carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 inhibitor. Oxfenicine improves whole-body glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in high-fat diet-induced obese mouse with insulin resistance.

SR 1903 is an inverse agonist of RORγ and PPARγ (IC₅₀ = 100 nM and 209 nM, respectively) and an agonist of LXR (EC₅₀ = 154 nM). It exerts anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic effects in mouse models of collagen-induced arthritis and diet-induced obesity.

EHP-101 (VCE-004.8) is a specific dual agonist of PPARγ and CB2 receptor with potent anti-inflammatory activity. EHP-101 attenuates adipogenesis and prevents diet-induced obesity.

10,12-Tricosadiynoic acid is a highly selective and orally active inhibitor of acyl-CoA oxidase-1 (ACOX1), which can treat high-fat diet- or obesity-induced metabolic diseases by improving mitochondrial lipid and ROS metabolism.

Bixin is an orally active carotenoid that modulates TLR4/NF-κB, Nrf2, and ROS to mitigate high-fat diet-induced cardiac injury in mice and induces apoptosis in A549, HeLa, and MCF-7 cells.

D5D-IN-326 is an orally active delta-5 desaturase (D5D) inhibitor (IC50s: 72 and 22 nM for rat and human D5D in enzymic and cell-based assays). It has no effect on D6D or D9D activity. D5D-IN-326 reduces insulin resistance and decreases body weight in die

L 152804 is a specific antagonist of the neuropeptide Y Y5 receptor and modulates food intake and energy expenditure thus causing weight loss in diet-induced obese mice.

PF-5006739 is a potent and selective CK1δ/ε inhibitor with IC50 values of 3.9 nM and 17.0 nM, respectively.It can be used in the study of psychiatric disorders and exhibits low nanomolar in vitro potency against CK1δ/ε and high kinome selectivity.PF-5006739 dose-dependently reduces opioid-seeking behavior in rodent relapse models and improves glucose tolerance in mouse models of diet-induced obesity (DIO) and genetic obesity (ob/ob).

HPG1860, an agonist of the farnesoid X receptor (FXR), induces luminescence in reporter gene assays utilizing HEK293T cells expressing human FXR, with an EC50 value of 18 nM. In vivo studies demonstrate that HPG1860 (administered at 1, 3, or 10 mg/kg daily) reduces serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and total cholesterol levels in a mouse model of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which was induced by a high-fat diet and carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). Additionally, this compound decreases hepatic inflammation, fat levels, and fibrosis.

D-Psicose (D-Allulose) is an orally active rare sugar. It effectively inhibits p38-MAPK phosphorylation and MCP-1 expression, while blocking the AGEs/RAGE/NF-kappaB signaling pathway. D-Psicose demonstrates significant bioactivity in research involving pancreatic beta-islet protection, hyperglycemia improvement, lipid metabolism regulation, and the mitigation of high-fat diet-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).

JTT-553 is a DGAT1 inhibitor with an IC50 of 2.38 nM. It effectively reduces plasma levels of glucose, insulin, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), total cholesterol (TC), and liver triglycerides (TG). JTT-553 enhances insulin-dependent glucose absorption and glucose intolerance in the adipose tissue of diet-induced obese (DIO) mice. In KK-Ay mice, it lowers TNF-α mRNA levels and elevates GLUT4 mRNA levels in adipose tissue. By contributing to weight loss, JTT-553 improves insulin resistance in adipose tissue and overall glucose metabolism. This compound is useful for research on obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

β-Hydroxybutyrate phenylalanine (BHB-Phe) is a ketone body metabolite resulting from the conjugation of β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) with the essential amino acid L-phenylalanine. It is synthesized endogenously by cytosolic non-specific dipeptidase 2 (CNDP2) in the process of ketogenesis. In diet-induced obese (DIO) mice, a daily dose of BHB-Phe (50 mg/kg) leads to a reduction in food intake, body weight, and the respiratory exchange ratio (RER) without altering activity, oxygen consumption (VO2), or carbon dioxide production (VCO2).

LCZ960 is an orally active glucokinase (GK) activator that stimulates GK activity in liver cells in vitro and enhances glucose uptake in vivo by activating hepatic GK. It effectively lowers blood glucose levels in diet-induced obesity (DIO) in mice. LCZ960 maintains normal blood sugar and improves glucose tolerance in DIO mice and rats. Additionally, LCZ960 stimulates glycogen synthase flux and increases glycogen turnover in the liver of rats, inducing an increase in hepatic glycogen cycling. This compound is useful for research on obesity and type 2 diabetes induced by high-fat diets.

1-(1(Z)-Hexadecenyl)-2-linoleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine is a plasmalogen characterized by the presence of 1(Z)-hexadecenoic acid and linoleic acid at the sn-1 and sn-2 positions, respectively. It counteracts lead-induced reductions in cell viability and suppresses increases in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidized phospholipids in HepG2 hepatocytes. In dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease, serum levels of this compound decrease when their diet is enriched with medium chain triglycerides, fish oil, carnitine precursors, magnesium, and antioxidants.

THR-β agonist 11 is an orally active and selective thyroid hormone receptor (THR-β) agonist. It demonstrates robust cholesterol-lowering effects in cholesterol-fed rats. In a high-fat diet-carbon tetrachloride (HFD-CCl4) induced model of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) in mice, THR-β agonist 11 significantly reduces serum total triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-cholesterol), liver total cholesterol (TC), and TG levels. Additionally, it alleviates hepatic steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis. THR-β agonist 11 is applicable in the study of MASH and other fibrotic diseases.

VSP-77 is an orally active PPARγ agonist. It selectively enhances the expression of insulin sensitivity-related genes (Glut4 and Adiponectin) by inhibiting CDK5-mediated phosphorylation of PPARγ at Ser-273. In a high-fat diet-induced diabetic mouse model, VSP-77 significantly improves glucose tolerance and reduces fasting blood glucose and insulin levels. VSP-77 is applicable for diabetes research.

CB1 antagonist6 (Compound 11jE2) is an orally active CB1R antagonist with an IC50 value of 23 nM. It significantly reduces food intake and body weight in diet-induced obesity (DIO) mice, improves glucose tolerance and insulin resistance, and lowers serum ALT and AST levels, demonstrating hepatoprotective effects. CB1 antagonist6 is applicable for studies on metabolic syndrome, including obesity and diabetes.