ce-6

Chlorin E6 (CE6) is a second-generation photosensitizer with antitumor activity when used in combination with irradiation. In a mouse model of implanted fibrosarcoma, Chlorin E6 (2.5-10 mg kg, i.v., 50-200 J cm2 irradiation) resulted in complete tumor disappearance after varying degrees of irradiation. Agents including Chlorin E6 were tested in a Phase I clinical study in patients with early superficial squamous cell carcinoma of bronchial origin with favorable results (40 mg m2, IV, 100 J cm2 laser irradiation). In a Phase II clinical trial in patients with early stage lung cancer, the same mode of administration resulted in a complete response in 82.9% of patients. Chlorin E6 has been investigated as a nanotechnology drug delivery tool.

TPP-Ce6 is a mitochondria-targeting photosensitizer formed by the ester linkage of chlorin e6 (Ce6) with triphenylphosphine (TPP). Upon light exposure, TPP-Ce6 generates reactive oxygen species (ROS), particularly singlet oxygen, which induce oxidative stress, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis (cellular apoptosis). This compound is useful for research on mitochondrial roles in apoptosis, energy metabolism, and cancer treatment.