Tetrapeptide-1

Tetrapeptide-1, a bioactive peptide known for its antioxidant properties, is frequently cited as an ingredient in cosmetics [1].

Acetyl tetrapeptide-15 Acetate (Skinasensyl Acetate), a synthetic peptide used in cosmetic products for sensitive skin, is an endomorphin-2 derivative that extends the range of neuronal excitability thresholds in the μ-opioid receptor via an endorphin-like pathway, and can be used to study inflammatory and neuropathic pain produced by skin hyperreactivity. Inflammatory and neuropathic pain produced by skin hyperresponsiveness.

Myristoyl Tetrapeptide-12 Acetate (Myristoyl Tetrapeptide-12 Acetate (959610-24-3 Free base)) , the reaction product of myristic acid and Tetrapeptide-12, is a peptide stimulating hair and eyelash growth and enhancing the appearance of eyelashes and/or eyebrows. Myristoyl tetrapeptide-12 can increase keratinocyte proliferation improve appearance, firmness elasticity, and skin thickness.

Myristoyl Tetrapeptide-12 activates SMAD2 and facilitates the association of SMAD3 with DNA, promoting eyelash hair growth [1] [2].

Palmitoyl tetrapeptide-10 is a bioactive peptide that works synergistically with other active ingredients to increase the expression of corneodesmosin (a marker of keratinocyte adhesion) and filaggrin (a marker of keratinocyte terminal differentiation), thereby reducing skin permeability and improving skin barrier function. Palmitoyl tetrapeptide-10 can be used in research on sensitive skin syndrome and skin pigmentation.

Tetrapeptide-11 is the reaction product of Acetic Acid and tetrapeptide-11, containing leucine, proline, and tyrosine residues. It boosts cell growth, Syndecan-1, and Collagen XVII synthesis. Tetrapeptide-11 has a face and body anti-wrinkle and anti-aging

Acetyl tetrapeptide-15 targets neuro sensitive skin which by decreasing the release of pro-inflammatory mediators.

Acetyltetrapeptide-11, a bioactive peptide with anti-aging properties, is reported to be utilized as an ingredient in cosmetics [1].

Ac-YVAD-CHO (L 709049) is a selective and potent tetrapeptide interleukin 1β-converting enzyme (ICE) and caspase-1 (ICE)-like protease inhibitor with anti-inflammatory activity, inhibits cancer cell growth, and inhibits the production of mature IL-lβ. Ac-YVAD-CHO attenuates quinolinic acid-induced p53 increase and apoptosis in rat striatum.

Acth (1-4) is the ACTH N-terminal tetrapeptide.

Acth (1-4) acetate is the ACTH N-terminal tetrapeptide.

Substance P (1-4) is a substance P N-terminal tetrapeptide fragment.

H-Arg-Gly-Asp-Cys-OH is a tetrapeptide that contains the arginine-glycine-aspartate (RGD) motif, a sequence that acts as a recognition site for various adhesion proteins.1It inhibits the binding of fibrinogen to endothelial cells and ADP-stimulated platelets with IC50values of 320 and 35 μM, respectively.2Implantation of titanium rods coated with H-Arg-Gly-Asp-Cys-OH increases bone formation in rat femurs.3H-Arg-Gly-Asp-Cys-OH has been conjugated to polyethylenimine to improve gene transfection efficiency.4 1.Park, H.S., Kim, C., and Kang, Y.K.Preferred conformations of RGDX tetrapeptides to inhibit the binding of fibrinogen to plateletsBiopolymers63(5)298-313(2002) 2.Tranqui, L., Andrieux, A., Hudry-Clergeon, G., et al.Differential structural requirements for fibrinogen binding to platelets and to endothelial cellsJ. Cell Biol.108(6)2519-2527(1989) 3.Ferris, D.M., Moodie, G.D., Dimond, P.M., et al.RGD-coated titanium implants stimulate increased bone formation in vivoBiomaterials20(23-24)2323-2331(1999) 4.Kunath, K., Merdan, T., Hegener, O., et al.Integrin targeting using RGD-PEI conjugates for in vitro gene transferJ. Gene Med.5(7)588-599(2003)

HC Toxin is a cell-permeable, reversible inhibitor of histone deacetylases (HDACs) (IC50 = 30 nM). Through its effects on HDACs, HC toxin has been shown to up-regulate the expression of 15-lipoxygenase-1 in colorectal cancer cells and induce fetal hemoglobin in human primary erythroid cells. HC Toxin is a cyclic tetrapeptide first isolated from H. carbonum (now C. carbonum), a pathogen of maize.

Epitalon is a synthetic tetrapeptide with anti-aging properties.1,2,3,4 Dietary administration of epitalon (0.00001% w/w) reduces levels of lipid peroxidation products in aged D. melanogaster tissue homogenates.1 Epitalon (1 μg/animal) delays age-related estrous shutdown and decreases the frequency of bone marrow cell chromosomal aberrations in female mice.2 It decreases spontaneous mammary gland and ovarian tumor development and metastasis in aged female mice.3 Epitalon also stimulates melatonin synthesis and normalizes the circadian rhythm of cortisol secretion in senescent female M. mulatta monkeys.4References1. Khavinson, V.K., and Myl'nikov, S.V. Effect of epithalone on the age-specific changes in the time course of lipid peroxidation in Drosophila melanogaster. Bull. Exp. Biol. Med. 130(11), 1116-1119 (2000).2. Anisimov, V.N., Khavinson, V.K., Popovich, I.G., et al. Effect of Epitalon on biomarkers of aging, life span and spontaneous tumor incidence in female Swiss-derived SHR mice. Biogerontology 4(4), 193-202 (2003).3. Kossoy, G., Anisimov, V.N., Ben-Hur, H., et al. Effect of the synthetic pineal peptide epitalon on spontaneous carcinogenesis in female C3H/He mice. In Vivo 20(2), 253-257 (2006).4. Khavinson, V., Goncharova, N., and Lapin, B. Synthetic tetrapeptide epitalon restores disturbed neuroendocrine regulation in senescent monkeys. Neuro. Endocrinol. Lett. 22(4), 251-254 (2001). Epitalon is a synthetic tetrapeptide with anti-aging properties.1,2,3,4 Dietary administration of epitalon (0.00001% w/w) reduces levels of lipid peroxidation products in aged D. melanogaster tissue homogenates.1 Epitalon (1 μg/animal) delays age-related estrous shutdown and decreases the frequency of bone marrow cell chromosomal aberrations in female mice.2 It decreases spontaneous mammary gland and ovarian tumor development and metastasis in aged female mice.3 Epitalon also stimulates melatonin synthesis and normalizes the circadian rhythm of cortisol secretion in senescent female M. mulatta monkeys.4 References1. Khavinson, V.K., and Myl'nikov, S.V. Effect of epithalone on the age-specific changes in the time course of lipid peroxidation in Drosophila melanogaster. Bull. Exp. Biol. Med. 130(11), 1116-1119 (2000).2. Anisimov, V.N., Khavinson, V.K., Popovich, I.G., et al. Effect of Epitalon on biomarkers of aging, life span and spontaneous tumor incidence in female Swiss-derived SHR mice. Biogerontology 4(4), 193-202 (2003).3. Kossoy, G., Anisimov, V.N., Ben-Hur, H., et al. Effect of the synthetic pineal peptide epitalon on spontaneous carcinogenesis in female C3H/He mice. In Vivo 20(2), 253-257 (2006).4. Khavinson, V., Goncharova, N., and Lapin, B. Synthetic tetrapeptide epitalon restores disturbed neuroendocrine regulation in senescent monkeys. Neuro. Endocrinol. Lett. 22(4), 251-254 (2001).

Palmitoyl tetrapeptide-7 is a cosmeceutical peptide that stimulates type I collagen, fibronectin, and hyaluronic acid production in skin.1Formulations containing palmitoyl tetrapeptide-7 have been used in the treatment of photoaging, dark circles, and undereye puffiness. 1.Bucay, V.W., and Day, D.Adjunctive skin care of the brow and periorbital regionClin. Plast. Surg.40(1)225-236(2013)

Bilaid C is a tetrapeptide μ-opioid receptor agonist (Ki= 210 nM in HEK293 cell membranes expressing the human receptor) that has been found inPenicillium.1It inhibits forskolin-induced cAMP accumulation by 77% in HEK293 cells expressing the human μ-opioid receptor when used at a concentration of 10 μM. Bilaid C induces inward rectifying potassium channel (Kir) currents in rat locus coeruleus slices that endogenously express high levels of the μ-opioid receptor (EC50= 4.2 μM). 1.Dekan, Z., Sianati, S., Yousuf, A., et al.A tetrapeptide class of biased analgesics from an Australian fungus targets the μ-opioid receptorProc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA116(44)22353-22358(2019)

ND1-YL2 is a peptide-based PROTAC®Degrader of steroid receptor co-activator 1 (SRC-1; also known as nuclear receptor coactivator 1, NCOA1). ND1-YL2 is composed of a stapled peptide that binds SRC-1 (YL2) joined by a linker to a tetrapeptide that binds UBR box domains. Upon ternary complex formation, SRC-1 is polyubiquitinated and subsequently degraded via the N-degron pathway. This Degrader induces dose-dependent degradation of SRC-1 in the MDA-MB-231 triple negative breast cancer cell line (DC50 = 10 μM), and binds to the PAS-B domain of SRC-1 (Ki = 320 nM). ND1-YL2 inhibits MDA-MB-231 cell migrationin vitro, and suppresses metastasis of MDA-MB-231 cellsin vivo.

Ac-YVAD-CHO (L-709049) acetate is a potent, reversible, and specific tetrapeptide interleukin-1β converting enzyme (ICE) inhibitor, also demonstrating specificity for caspase-1. It exhibits K_i values of 3.0 nM in mice and 0.76 nM in humans, underscoring its efficacy. Additionally, Ac-YVAD-CHO acetate inhibits the production of mature IL-1β, highlighting its therapeutic potential [1] [2] [3].

Koshidacin B, a cyclic tetrapeptide, exhibits potent antiplasmodial activity, evidenced by its ability to inhibit Plasmodium falciparum strains FCR3 and K1 with IC50 values of 0.89 μM and 0.83 μM, respectively. It has been shown to effectively suppress malaria parasites in vivo and has potential applications in parasitic infection research [1].

Z-VRPR-FMK (TFA), a selective and irreversible inhibitor of Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma translocation protein 1 (MALT1), is a tetrapeptide shown to provide protection against influenza A virus (IAV) infection [1].

Tyr-W-MIF-1, an opioid tetrapeptide, exhibits both opiate and antiopiate activities, and has been demonstrated to induce analgesia [1] [2] [5].

AGPV, a tetrapeptide, demonstrates potential in preventing schistosome parasite infections, according to research [1].

AGPV TFA, a tetrapeptide, demonstrates potential for schistosome parasite infection prevention research [1].