SARS-CoV-2-IN-1

SARS-CoV-2-IN-1 is a potent inhibitor of Mpro [SARS-CoV-2 Mpro, SARS-CoV Mpro, and MERS-CoV Mpro] with IC50 values of 0.67, 0.90, and 0.58 μM, respectively.

SARS-CoV-2-IN-14 is a potent and oral inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 (IC50:0.39 μM), which is an analogue of niclosamide. SARS-CoV-2-IN-14 was more stable than niclosamide in the determination of human plasma and liver S9 enzyme. Oral administration of SARS-CoV-2-IN-14 can improve its bioavailability and half-life.

SARS-CoV-2 PLpro-IN-1 (Compound 85) is a non-covalent competitive inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 PLpro with an IC50 value of 15.06 μM and a Ki value of 22.93 μM. It inhibits the proliferation of Vero cells, exhibiting an IC50 of 7.47 μM.

SARS-CoV-2-IN-16 (Compound 12) is a potent inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein (NPro) with antiviral activity (EC50 = 3.69 μM) and binds to NPro with a low Kd value of 7.82 μM, indicating its effectiveness as an NPro ligand [1].

SARS-CoV-2 Mpro-IN-1 (compound 16b-3) is a potent, selective, and irreversible inhibitor of the SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro) with an IC50 value of 116 nM [1].

SARS-CoV-2-IN-15 (compound 11) is a niclosamide analogue exhibiting greater stability in human plasma and liver S9 enzyme assays compared to niclosamide. It enhances bioavailability and half-life upon oral administration and is a potent SARS-CoV-2 inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.49 μM [1].

SARS-CoV-2 nsp3-IN-1 (Compound 15c) exhibits significant selectivity for coronavirus macrodomains, particularly SARS-CoV-2 Mac1, and can inhibit Mac1 ADP-ribosylhydrolase activity with an IC50 of 6.1 μM [1].

SARS-CoV-2-IN-13 (compound 5) is an analogue of niclosamide, displaying greater stability in human plasma and liver S9 enzymes assay. It improves bioavailability and half-life when administered orally and is a potent SARS-CoV-2 inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.057 μM [1].

SARS-CoV-2-IN-18 (Compound 26) is a powerful inhibitor of the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease, with an IC50 of 45 nM [1].

SARS-CoV-2-IN-17 (Compound 16) is a highly effective inhibitor of the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein (NPro), demonstrating potent antiviral activity with an EC50 value of 2.18 μM and binding to NPro with a low Kd value of 7.82 μM, underscoring its potency as a NPro ligand [1].

SARS-CoV-2 nsp13-IN-1 (compound C1) is a potent inhibitor of nsp13 (non-structural protein 13), selectively inhibiting nsp13 ssDNA+ATPase with an IC50 of 6 μM, but not ssDNA-ATPase, and can be used to study COVID-19.

SARS-CoV-2 nsp14-IN-1 (Compound 3) is a dual-substrate inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 Nsp14 Mtase with an IC50 of 0.061 μM, targeting substrates such as histone lysine, protein arginine, DNA, and RNA.

SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro-IN-1 (Compound 14c) is a highly potent inhibitor specifically designed to target and inhibit the activity of SARS-CoV-2 3CL pro, a cysteine protease found in the main coronaviruses. This enzyme is a promising target for antiviral drug development, positioning SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro-IN-1 as significant for advancing research in infectious diseases [1].

SARS-CoV-2 MERS Mpro-IN-1 is a potent inhibitor of the main proteases in SARS-CoV-2 and MERS, with IC50 values of 0.10 and 0.06 µM, respectively.

SARS-CoV-2-IN-100 (Compound 172) is a broad-spectrum antiviral agent against various SARS-CoV-2 variants. It works synergistically with Nirmatrelvir to reduce the risk of antiviral resistance.

SARS-CoV-2-IN-102 (example 58) is an inhibitor of the SARS-CoV papain-like protease (SARS-CoVPLpro), demonstrating an IC50 of less than 100 nM.

SARS-CoV-2-IN-101 (compound 10O) is an effective orally active inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 with an EC50 value of 0.64 µM against HCoV-229E. This compound exhibits cytotoxicity and can reduce the expression levels of HCoV-229E N protein and RNA. Additionally, SARS-CoV-2-IN-101 has broad-spectrum antiviral activity against coronaviruses.

SARS-CoV-2-IN-106 (compound 19) is a SARS-CoV-2 papain-like protease inhibitor, displaying IC50 values of 0.44 μM for papain-like proteases and 0.18 μM for viral replication.

SARS-CoV-2-IN-108 (Compound 29) is an inhibitor of SARSCoV-2 papain-like protease, with an IC50 of 0.14 µM. It can inhibit viral replication, displaying an EC50 of 0.21 µM.

SARS-CoV-2-IN-107 (Compound A7) is an inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro, with an IC50 of 261.3 nM. It inhibits the replication of SARS-CoV-2, exhibiting an EC50 of 11.7 μM. Additionally, SARS-CoV-2-IN-107 demonstrates anti-inflammatory activity in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages, with a NO inhibition rate of 68.6%.

SARS-CoV-2-IN-110 (compound Bb1) is an inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2, demonstrating antiviral efficacy with an EC50 of 1.10 μM, and significantly reduced toxicity compared to Lapatinib. The compound exhibits a CC50 of greater than 100 μM against SARS-CoV-2, with a selectivity index (SI) exceeding 91.

SARS-CoV-2-IN-109 (compound 50) is an inhibitor targeting SARS-CoV, demonstrating in vivo anti-infection activity. It interferes with the interaction between the SARS-CoV-2 Spike receptor-binding domain (RBD) and the human receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) with an EC50 of 26.5 μM, effectively blocking SARS-CoV-2 entry into VeroE6 cells (ECS50=17.0 μM). The compound has a CC50 greater than 100 μM in VeroE6 cells.

SARS-CoV-2-IN-10 is a powerful and non-toxic inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 3CL protease, with IC50 and EC50 values of 0.13 nM and 1.03 nM, respectively. The SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease (3CLpro) is critical for viral replication and serves as an ideal target for intervention. By targeting the SARS-CoV-2 3CL protease, SARS-CoV-2-IN-10 has the potential to facilitate the development of effective antiviral drugs specific to SARS-CoV-2.

SARS-CoV-2-IN-11 is a highly potent and non-toxic inhibitor of the 3C-like protease (3CLpro) of SARS-CoV-2, with IC50 and EC50 values of 0.17 nM and 1.45 nM, respectively. This compound targets the essential viral replication enzyme (3CLpro), making it an attractive candidate for intervention strategies and holds significant promise in the development of specific antivirals against SARS-CoV-2.