5-hete

5-HETE ((±)-5-HETE), an oxidative derivative of Arachidonic acid and a fatty acid, comprises a mixture of 5(S)-HETE and 5(R)-HETE. This compound acts as a powerful aggregating agent, effectively inducing neutrophil aggregation with an IC 50 value of 200 nM [1].

(±)5-HETE, a monohydroxy fatty acid, emerges from the non-enzymatic oxidation of arachidonic acid and is one of six such derivatives. Its methyl ester variant exhibits no unique biological activity and serves as a provided standard. This methyl ester can also be present in oxidatively degraded polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) methyl esters.

5(R)-HETE is a rare lipoxygenase product of arachidonic acid. Nearly all plant and animal 5-LOs produce 5(S)-HETE, but the presence of a 5(R)-LO and the synthesis of 5(R)-HpETE and 5(R)-HETE have been confirmed in oocytes of the bivalve mollusk, S. solidissima. 5(R)-HETE is more potent than the (S)-enantiomer as a chemotactic agent for human neutrophils.

5(S)-HETE lactone is a cyclic ester formed by acid-catalyzed nucleophilic addition of the C-5 hydroxyl to the C-1 carboxyl of 5(S)-HETE. The ability of (±)5-HETE lactone to inhibit rat basophilic leukemia cell 5-lipoxygenase (IC50 = 27 μM) may be entirely due to the 5(S) isomer, but the enantiomers have not been tested separately.

5(S)-HETE, an endogenous metabolite found in the blood, is utilized in researching Rheumatoid Arthritis, Rhinitis, and Asthma [1] [2].

(±)15-HETE is a alkyl chain-based linker for PROTACs which joins two essential ligands, crucial for forming PROTAC molecules. This linker enables selective protein degradation by leveraging the ubiquitin-proteasome system within cells.

5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is a uracil analog and inhibitor of DNA synthesis, exhibiting antitumor activity by affecting pyrimidine synthesis through thymidylate synthase inhibition; it induces apoptosis and autophagy.

Decitabine (Deoxycytidine) is a deoxycytidine analog, a DNA methyltransferase inhibitor with oral activity. Decitabine has antitumor activity and antimetabolic activity. Decitabine induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis.

Erastin is an iron death activator that acts on the mitochondrial VDAC in a ROS- and iron-dependent manner. Erastin has anti-tumor activity and acts selectively on tumor cells with RAS-carcinogenic mutations.

LY294002 (SF 1101) is a broad-spectrum inhibitor of PI3K, inhibiting PI3Kα, PI3Kδ, and PI3Kβ (IC50=0.5 0.57 0.97 μM). LY294002 is also an inhibitor of DNA-PK (IC50=1.4 μM) and an inhibitor of CK2 (IC50=98 nM). LY294002 activates apoptosis and autophagy.

(-)-Epigallocatechin Gallate (EGCG) is a phenolic antioxidant polyphenol flavonoid found in plants such as green and black tea, which inhibits telomerase and DNA methyltransferase, blocks the activation of EGF receptors and HER-2 receptors, inhibits cellular oxidation, and prevents free radical damage to cells.

Staurosporine (AM-2282) is a protein kinase inhibitor with ATP-competitive and non-selective inhibitory activity (IC50=6 15 2 3 3000 nM) against PKC, PKA, c-Fgr, phosphorylase kinase and TAOK2. Staurosporine also induces apoptosis.

5-Aminosalicylic Acid (5-ASA) is an anti-inflammatory agent, structurally related to the SALICYLATES, which is active in INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE. It is considered to be the active moiety of SULPHASALAZINE.

Rutin (Quercetin 3-O-rutinoside), a flavonoid, has a variety of biological activities including antiallergic, anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative, and anticarcinogenic properties.

Acetylcysteine (NAC) is an N-acetyl derivative of cysteine, a ROS inhibitor and mucolytic agent. Acetylcysteine induces apoptosis, can be used to reduce mucus thickness, and has anti-influenza viral activity.

Corticosterone (Kendall's compound B) is an adrenocortical steroid with salocorticoid and glucocorticoid activity that is orally active. Corticosterone is involved in the regulation of energy, immune responses, and stress responses in the body.

5-HT1A modulator 1 exhibits high affinities for the 5-HT1A, α1-adrenergic receptor, and D2 receptor (IC50s = 2 nM, 10 nM, and 40 nM).

5-HT2 antagonist 1 is a potent 5-HT2 receptor antagonist with weak α1 adrenoceptor blocking activity.

Gusacitinib (ASN-002) (ASN-002) is spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) and janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor (IC50: 5-46 nM).

Resveratrol (SRT 501) is a polyphenolic natural product, a plant antitoxin with antioxidant and chemopreventive activities. Resveratrol has a wide range of targets including COX, SIRT, LOC, etc. Resveratrol induces autophagy and apoptosis.

Kainic acid is a potent excitotoxic agent and an agonist of ionotropic glutamate receptor subtypes in the central nervous system, capable of inducing seizure animal models.

Adezmapimod (SB 203580) is a selective, ATP-competitive p38 MAPK inhibitor (IC50=0.3-0.5 μM) that activates autophagy and mitochondrial autophagy, with more than 100-fold higher selectivity over PKB, LCK, and GSK-3β.

Empagliflozin (BI 10773) is an SGLT-2 inhibitor (IC50=3.1 nM) that is potent and selective, with more than 300-fold selectivity for SGLT-1 4 5 6. Empagliflozin is used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.

3-Methyladenine (3-MA) is a PI3K inhibitor that selectively inhibits class IB PI3Kγ (IC50 = 60 μM) and class III VPS34 (IC50 = 25 μM). 3-Methyladenine inhibits autophagy.