11-β-hsd1

Astragaloside IV (AS-IV), an active component isolated from Astragalus membranaceus, suppresses the activation of ERK1 2 and JNK, and downregulates matrix metalloproteases (MMP)-2, (MMP)-9 in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Astragaloside IV is a bioactive saponin first isolated from the dried plant roots of the genus Astragalus, which is used in traditional Chinese medicine.1 It dose-dependently inhibits human adenovirus type 3 (HAdV-3) in A549 cells (IC50 = 23 μM; LC50 = 865 μM).It inhibits replication of HAdV-3 and decreases HAdV-3-induced apoptosis. It has diverse protective effects for the cardiovascular, immune, digestive, and nervous systems. In particular, it reduces myocardial infarct size in dogs when administered prior to coronary ligation and reduces reperfusion arrhythmias in isolated rat hearts.

Citronellol ((±)-β-Citronellol) is used in insect repellents and perfumes and as a mite attractant.

Corticosterone (Kendall's compound B) is an adrenocortical steroid with salocorticoid and glucocorticoid activity that is orally active. Corticosterone is involved in the regulation of energy, immune responses, and stress responses in the body.

Praeruptorin B (Praeruptorin D), a compound found in the roots of Peuced, is an inhibitor of sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBPs) that attenuates the metastatic ability of human renal cancer cells by targeting CTSC and CTSV expression, and can be used in the study of osteoporosis.

Derivatives of Pimelic acid (1,5-Pentanedicarboxylic acid) can participate in the biosynthesis of lysine.

Ethyl nonanoate (Ethyl pelargonate) is an abundant ester in spirits, and its presence is usually associated with the aroma of alcoholic beverages.

Camphor (2-Camphanone) is a bicyclic monoterpene ketone found widely in plants, especially CINNAMOMUM CAMPHORA. It is used topically as a skin antipruritic and as an anti-infective agent.

2,5-dimethoxycyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dio (Thermophillin) is a natural product. The redox cycle of 2,5-dimethoxybenzoquinone is a source of reducing equivalent for the regeneration of Fe2+ and H2O2 in brown rot fungal decay of wood.

Octanoic acid (Caprylic acid), found naturally in coconuts and breast milk, is an oily liquid with a slightly unpleasant rancid taste and minimal solubility in water. It is commercially utilized in the production of esters for perfumery and in dye manufacturing.

Dimethyl phthalate (Fermine) has many uses, including in solid rocket propellants, plastics, and insect repellants. Acute (short-term) exposure to dimethyl phthalate, via inhalation in humans and animals, results in irritation of the eyes, nose, and throat. No information is available on the chronic (long-term), reproductive, developmental, or carcinogenic effects of dimethyl phthalate in humans. Animal studies have reported slight effects on growth and on the kidney from chronic oral exposure to the chemical. EPA has classified dimethyl phthalate as a Group D, not classifiable as to human carcinogenicity.

3,4-Dimethoxyphenylacetic acid (Homoveratrumic acid) is the papaverine intermediate, used to synthesis cardiovascular drugs.

L-Pipecolic acid (L-Homoproline) is a breakdown product of lysine, accumulates in body fluids of infants with generalized genetic peroxisomal disorders, such as Zellweger syndrome, neonatal adrenoleukodystrophy.

5-Hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid (5-HIAA) is a breakdown product of serotonin that is excreted in the urine. Serotonin and 5HIAA are produced in excess amounts by carcinoid tumors, and levels of these substances may be measured in the urine to test for carcinoid tumors (NCI).

D-(-)-Quinic acid (Kinic acid) is a cellular metal ion chelator, capable of promoting reactions with metal M(II,III) ions under pH-specific conditions. It may possess potent inhibition against alpha-mannosidase and alpha-fucosidase.

Ethyl 4-hydroxyphenylacetate is a selective inhibitor of monoamine oxidase A.

Tetradecyl acetate, a sex pheromone produced by Ctenopseustis obliquana (females), disrupts the mating of pest species.

2-Methylacetophenone is a human endogenous metabolite.

Stigmasterol (Stigmasterin) is a phytosterol with major functions in the maintenance of cell membrane structure and physiology. Stigmasterol lowers cholesterol levels and has anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory effects.

Sarcosine (Methylglycine) is a competitive inhibitor of the type I glycine transporter (GlyT1) and an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) co-agonist.

Evodiamine (d-Evodiamine) is an alkaloid isolated from the fruit of daylily and has a variety of biological activities including anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity and anti-tumor.

Terpinen-4-ol (4-Carvomenthenol) is a natural compound derived from Pimpinella yunnanensis.

Oxalic acid is a strong dicarboxylic acid occurring in many plants. Oxalic acid is produced in the body by metabolism of glyoxylic acid or ascorbic acid.

Tetradecane is a natural product and can be in studies about pest management.

Methyl Linolenate (Linolenic acid methyl ester) is a polyunsaturated fattly acid (PUFA). It is used in studies on the mechanisms and prevention of oxidation peroxidation of unsaturated fatty acids.