(±)4hdha

(±)4-HDHA (4-Hydroxy docosahexaenoic acid) is a PPARγ agonist with anti-inflammatory activity that directly inhibits endothelial cell proliferation and sprouting angiogenesis via PPARγ, which can be used in the study of diabetes.

(±)14-HDHA is a hydroxydocosahexaenoic acid, an oxidized metabolite of DHA generated intracellularly by enzymatic or non-enzymatic reactions, is one of the specific substrates of 15-PGDH and can be further oxidized to the anti-inflammatory 14-oxoDHA, and in primary alveolar macrophages, 14-HDoHE itself significantly inhibits LPS-induced IL-6 mRNA expression in primary alveolar macrophages, which may be relevant to inflammatory diseases such as asthma.

Docosahexaenoic acid is a nutritionally-derived ω-3 fatty acid that is abundant in the brain and the retina and is thought to be important in early development and for therapeutic approaches to inflammatory disorders and cancer. 14(S)-HDHA is an oxygenation product of DHA that serves as a precursor to maresin 1 , an anti-inflammatory, pro-resolving mediator that prevents polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) infiltration and stimulates macrophage phagocytosis. At doses as low as 0.2 ng/mouse 14(S)-HDHA administration resulted in reduced infiltration of PMNs into sites of inflammation.