Daphnetin (7,8-Dihydroxycoumarin), a natural coumarin derivative, is a protein kinase inhibitor with inhibitory for EGFR (IC50: 7.67 μM), PKA (IC50: 9.33 μM), and PKC (IC50: 25.01 μM), also exhibit anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.
(RS)-Sakuranetin is the racemic form of Sakuranetin, exhibiting μM-level antagonism toward adenosine receptors and inhibitory effects on KB and P-388 cells.
(+)-Acuminatin exerts hepatoprotective activities, perhaps by serving as a potent antioxidant. (+)-trans-Acuminatin, and (+)-cis-acuminatin show weak activity against platelet aggregation with IC50 values of 108.5 and 90.02 uM, respectively. (+)-Acuminatin, and machilin G show dose-dependent potent inhibitory activities against PLCgamma1 in vitro with IC50 values ranging from 8.8 to 26.0 microM, the inhibition of PLCgamma1 may be an important mechanism for an antiproliferative effect on the human cancer cells, therefore, these inhibitors may be utilized as cancer chemotherapeutic and chemopreventive agents.
Ethyl linolenate is a fatty acid ethyl ester that exhibits anti-melanogenic properties by suppressing cellular melanin synthesis with an IC50 of 70 μM.Ethyl linolenate inhibit forskolin-stimulated melanogenesis and reduces tyrosinase enzymatic activity. Its antimelanogenic profile supports the utilization of Ethyl linolenate in pigmentation disorder research and skin-lightening mechanism studies.