ubiquinone 1

Ubiquinone-1 (UQ-1) is an intermediate in the biosynthesis of coenzyme Q, an essential coenzyme in the body's redox reactions, involved in multiple oxidation-reduction processes.

Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) (ubiquinone) is a naturally occurring compound, acting as the electron carrier in the mitochondrial respiratory chain.

Boscalid is a broad-spectrum carboxamide fungicide that inhibits fungal respiration by binding to the ubiquinone site of mitochondrial complex II/succinate dehydrogenase.1It suppresses mycelial growth ofS. minorby 87 to 100% and ofS. sclerotiorumby 77 to 100% when used at a concentration of 1 μg/ml.2In field studies, boscalid applied at 5.6 μg/cm2provides 55.5 and 30.4% disease control for lettuce drop caused byS. minorandS. sclerotiorum, respectively. It decreases cell viability of mouse primary cortical neurons following long-term exposure but is not cytotoxic (LC50= >100 μM for acute and continuous exposure). Formulations containing boscalid have been used in agriculture to prevent fungal growth on crops. 1.Wang, Y., Duan, Y., Wang, J., et al.A new point mutation in the iron-sulfur subunit of succinate dehydrogenase confers resistance to boscalid in Sclerotinia sclerotiorumMol. Plant Pathol.16(7)653-661(2015) 2.Matheron, M.E., and Porchas, M.Activity of boscalid, fenhexamid, fluazinam, fludioxonil, and vinclozolin on growth of Sclerotinia minor and S. sclerotiorum and development of lettuce dropPlant Dis.88(6)665-668(2004)

Coenzyme Q0 (CoQ0), a potent, orally active ubiquinone compound derived from Antrodia cinnamomea, induces apoptosis and autophagy. It suppresses HER-2/AKT/mTOR signaling, enhancing apoptosis and autophagy mechanisms. Additionally, Coenzyme Q0 regulates NFκB/AP-1 activation and promotes Nrf2 stabilization, contributing to the attenuation of inflammation and redox imbalance. It also exhibits anti-angiogenic activity by downregulating MMP-9/NF-κB and upregulating HO-1 signaling.

COQ7-IN-1 is a powerful inhibitor of human coenzyme Q (COQ7), effectively disrupting the synthesis of ubiquinone (UQ) in the body. Notably, COQ7-IN-1 does not disrupt the natural growth of human normal culture cells. This compound proves valuable for investigating the equilibrium between two pathways of UQ supplementation: de novo UQ synthesis and extracellular UQ uptake[1].

Coenzyme Q10 is a component of the electron transport chain and participates in aerobic cellular respiration, generating energy in the form of ATP. In its reduced form, it acts as an antioxidant. Coenzyme Q2 is a precursor of coenzyme Q10 that has 2, rather than 10, isoprenoid units on the ubiquinone base. It can act as an electron acceptor for bacterial Complex I. In mammalian cells, exogenous coenzyme Q2 prevents the production of reactive oxygen species associated with Complex I activity. Forms of coenzyme Q with shorter isoprenoid chains, including coenzyme Q2, induce p53-dependent apoptosis in human B-cell acute lymphoblastoid leukemia BALL-1 cells.

Coumarin-quinone conjugate is a fluorescent substrate for NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductases.1It is comprised of a coumarin fluorophore conjugated to a ubiquinone analog that can be reduced by NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductases. It has been used to measure the kinetic parameters of apoptosis-inducing factor mitochondria-associated 2/ferroptosis suppressor protein 1 (AIFM2/FSP1). 1.Doll, S., Freitas, F.P., Shah, R., et al.FSP1 is a glutathione-independent ferroptosis suppressorNature575(7784)693-698(2019)

Coenzyme Q6 (Ubiquinone 30), an isoprenylated benzoquinone lipid, plays a pivotal role in respiratory electron transport and acts as a lipid antioxidant. Besides, it possesses antioxidant properties that inhibit the generation of free radicals and prevent oxidative damage [1].

Coumarin–quinone conjugate, a fluorescent substrate for NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductases, consists of a coumarin fluorophore and a ubiquinone analog. It can be utilized to measure the kinetic parameters of AIFM2/FSP1 in research related to ferroptosis [1].

Coenzyme Q8 (Ubiquinone 8) is an isoprenoid quinone isolated from the plasma membrane of wild-type or long-lived qm30 and qm51 clk-1 mutant strains of Cryptomeria cepacia that mediates electron transfer in the aerobic respiratory chain and reduces oxidative stress.