thymic

Serum thymic factor acetate (Thymulin acetate) is the acetylated form of Serum thymic factor. This zinc-dependent immunoregulatory peptide hormone is produced by thymic epithelial cells. It stimulates pituitary release hormones, exhibiting pro-pituitary activities. Serum thymic factor acetate protects rats from nephrotoxicity caused by Cephaloridine through the inhibition of ERK activation. Additionally, it possesses anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic properties, making it useful in the research of endocrine, reproductive, neurodegenerative, and inflammatory diseases.

1,2,4-Trihydroxybenzene (Benzene-1,2,4-triol) is a by-product of coffee bean roasting and is found in mouse, arabica coffee.1,2,4-Trihydroxybenzene is a benzotriol that increases Ca2+ concentration in rat thymic lymphocytes.

Thymol, also known as Pseudoaspidin, is a principal monoterpene phenol found in the essential oils of plants from the Lamiaceae family, along with several other families including Verbenaceae, Scrophulariaceae, Ranunculaceae, and Apiaceae. This compound exhibits antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antifungal properties.

Influenza HA 126-138 acetate is a influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) peptide acetate comprising amino acids 126-138. Influenza HA 126-138 acetate induces thymic and peripheral T-cell apoptosis.

Golotimod (SCV 07) is an antimicrobial dipeptide with immunomodulatory activity that significantly improves the efficacy of anti-tuberculosis therapy, induces thymic and splenic cell proliferation, modulates macrophage function, and inhibits STAT3 signaling.Golotimod has been used in the study of recurrent genital Herpes Simplex Virus 2 (HSV-2) infection and oral mucositis.

S18-000003 is an effective orally bioavailable retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor-gamma-t inhibitor (IC50: 29 nM). S18-000003 inhibits IL-17 production.

1,2,3,6,7,8-Hexachlorodibenzofuran (1,2,3,6,7,8-HxCDF) is a type of polychlorinated dibenzofuran (PCDF). It promotes the expression of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) and ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) genes in H-4-II-E rat hepatoma cells with EC50 values of 1.47 and 1.24 nM, respectively. 1,2,3,6,7,8-HxCDF also reduces rat body weight, causes thymic atrophy, and induces the expression of cytochrome P450 (CYP) subtype CYP1A1 and 4-chlorobiphenyl hydroxylase genes with EC50 values of 3.2, 0.9, 0.35, and 0.21 µmol kg.

Splenopentin diacetate (Splenin pentapeptide (32-36)) is a synthetic immunomodulating peptide and can reproduce the biological activities of splenin and thymic hormone thymopoietin.

Thymocartin (RGH 0206) is a fragment 32-35 of the naturally occurring thymic factor (thymopoietin).Thymocartin is used in the study of immunodeficiency diseases.

Thymocartin Acetate is a 32-35 fragment of the naturally occurring thymic factor (thymopoietin) with inhibitory effects on enzymatic degradation.Thymocartin Acetate has potential for the treatment of immunodeficiency diseases.

Thymoctonan, as a synthetic octapeptide thymic hormone, can repair immunodeficiency of mice cured of plasmacytoma by melphalan.

13C15-Nivalenol is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of nivalenol by GC- or LC-MS. Nivalenol is a trichothecene mycotoxin that has been found inFusarium.1It is lethal to mice (LD50= 6.9 mg/kg).2Nivalenol (5, 10, and 15 mg/kg) also induces thymic, splenic, and Peyer's patch cell apoptosis in mice.3 1.Yang, Z., Concannon, J., Ng, K.S., et al.Tetrandrine identified in a small molecule screen to activate mesenchymal stem cells for enhanced immunomodulationSci. Rep.630263(2016) 2.Yoshizawa, T., and Morooka, N.Studies on the toxic substances in the infected cereals (part 3): Acute toxicities of new trichothecene mycotoxins: Deoxynivalenol and its monoacetateJ. Food Hyg.15(4)261-269(1974) 3.Poapolathep, A., Ohtsuka, R., Kiatipattanasakul, W., et al.Nivalenol-induced apoptosis in thymus, spleen and Peyer's patches of miceExp. Toxicol. Pathol.53(6)441-446(2002)

L-Thyroxine-13C9,15N is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of L-thyroxine by GC- or LC-MS. L-Thyroxine is a synthetic form of the thyroid hormone thyroxine. In vivo, L-thyroxine (0.9 and 2.7 μg) inhibits synthesis and release of thyrotropin induced by thyrotropin-releasing hormone from the anterior pituitary in mice. It also reverses decreases in levels of circulating thymic serum factor (FTS) and the number of T rosette-forming cells in an old age-induced mouse model of hypothyroidism. Formulations containing L-thyroxine have been used in the treatment of hypothyroidism.

Thymosin β4 is a thymic hormone with multiple and different intracellular and extracellular activities affecting wound healing, inflammation, fibrosis and tissue regeneration.

Oglufanide (H-Glu-Trp-OH) is a naturally occurring thymic immunomodulator that inhibits vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF).

Thymopentin acetate, primarily secreted by the epithelial cells of the thymic cortex and medulla, serves as an effective immunomodulatory agent. It possesses a short plasma half-life of 30 seconds and significantly enhances the generation of T-cell lineage from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) [1] [2].

Ecleralimab (CSJ-117; NVP-CSJ117), a Fab-IgG1-λ2 monoclonal antibody, selectively targets thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) and is typically produced using a Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cell expression system [1].

Thymic factor X (TFX-Jelfa) is an aqueous extract derived from the thymus of a juvenile calf and serves as a natural stimulator of lymphocyte function.

Influenza HA (126-138) is a peptide derived from the hemagglutinin (HA) protein of the influenza virus, consisting of amino acids 126-138, and has the ability to induce apoptosis in both thymic and peripheral T-cells.

Moth Cytochrome C (MCC) (88-103), derived from the carboxyl terminus of moth cytochrome c, induces positive selection of TCR transgenic thymocytes. Thymic positive and negative selections govern the development of a self-MHC-reactive, yet self-tolerant, T cell repertoire.

Thymosin β4 (Tβ4) is a thymic hormone with multiple and different intracellular and extracellular activities affecting wound healing, inflammation, fibrosis and tissue regeneration.

Thymulin is a peptide hormone which is mainly produced by thymic epithelial cells and it has immune-modulatory and anti-inflammatory effects