steroidogenesis

Gibberellic acid (GA3) is a hormone found in plants and fungi.

Phthalic acid mono-2-ethylhexyl ester (Phthalic Acid Monooctyl Ester) is a major bioactive metabolite of diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP), which inhibits the 17,20 lyase activity of CYP17. The Cyp17a1 gene is specifically targeted by MEHP, explaining the MEHP-induced suppression of steroidogenesis observed.

Propylparaben sodium (propyl parahydroxybenzoate) is a naturally occurring antimicrobial preservative found in plants and bacteria. Widely utilized in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and foods, this compound impairs antral follicle growth and steroidogenic function by modifying the cell-cycle, apoptosis, and steroidogenesis pathways. Additionally, propylparaben sodium reduces sperm count and motility in rats.

CJ28 is a cortisol biosynthesis inhibitor. In human adrenocortical carcinoma cell models, it significantly reduces cortisol production under both basal and stimulated conditions. The mechanism of action of CJ28 is primarily associated with the inhibition of the steroidogenesis pathway and de novo cholesterol biosynthesis, thereby reducing the supply of cortisol precursors and downregulating hormone synthesis levels.