sclerosing

Glycolithocholic acid (Lithocholic acid glycine conjugate) is a glycine conjugate of lithocholic acid.

Sodium Tetradecyl Sulfate is a detergent sclerosant with antithrombotic effects and commonly used for the treatment of varicose veins.

Inosine pranobex (Delimmun) has a number of immunomodulatory effects, including inducing T-lymphocyte differentiation, augmenting macrophage and NK cell functions, and stimulating IL-2 production. Through these effects and others, isoprinosine shows antiviral activity and has applications against subacute sclerosing panencephalitis. It also restores depressed immune responses in Y patients after irradiation and reduces the incidence of infection in leukemia patients undergoing chemotherapy. It is most commonly used to treat the rare measles complication subacute sclerosing panencephalitis in conjunction with intrathecal interferon therapy.

24-Norursodeoxycholic acid (nor-UDCA) is a side chain-shortened C23 homolog of UDCA.It has shown potent anti-inflammatory, anti-cholestatic, and anti-fibrotic properties.It is a Ursodeoxycholic Acid derivative. It is superior to Ursodeoxycholic acid in the treatment of sclerosing cholangitis in Mdr2 (Abcb4) knockout mice

Linafexor (CS-0159) is a non-steroidal FXR (farnesoid X receptor) agonist for studying primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH).

INVA8001 is a highly selective and orally active chymase inhibitor, with IC50 values of 0.02 μM for human chymase and 0.03 μM for mouse mast cell protease 4 (mMCP-4). It exhibits IC50 values of 3.4 μM for bovine α-chymotrypsin and 32.1 μM for human cathepsin G, demonstrating over 1000-fold selectivity against other related serine proteases. In a mouse model of primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), INVA8001 inhibits mast cell activity, improves biliary pathology, alleviates cholestasis, and displays anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic properties.

Glycolithocholic acid sodium salt, the sodium form of Glycolithocholic acid, is a glycine-conjugated secondary bile acid utilized in diagnosing ulcerative colitis (UC), non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC).

Bexotegrast, also known as PLN-74809, is a small-molecule, dual selective inhibitor of αVβ1 / αVβ6 for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). These integrins cause upstream activation of TGF-β1 in actively fibrotic tissue. Inhibition of these integrins will block TGF-β1 activation, thereby preventing the growth of fibrotic tissue within the lung and bile ducts.

BMS-986339 is an orally active, potent FXR agonist that engages His298 and ASN287 residues via H-bond formation. It is employed in research on primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) due to its anti-fibrosis properties.

Simtuzumab is a monoclonal antibody against lysyl oxidase-like protein 2 (LOXL2). Simtuzumab can be used to treat primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) and is not effective in patients with bridging fibrosis or compensatory cirrhosis caused by non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.

Timolumab (BTT 1023), a fully human antibody targeting vascular adhesion protein-1 (VAP-1), attenuates fibrosis in a mouse model of liver injury and may be used to study primary sclerosing cholangitis.