pp2b

Voclosporin (ISAtx-247) is a novel, orally available calcium-modulated phosphatase (CN; PP2B) inhibitor and immunosuppressant used for treating lupus nephritis.

Fenvalerate (Evercide 2362) is a inhibitor of protein phosphatase 2B (calcineurin), a synthetic pyrethroid insecticide, and inhibits PP2B-Aα.High doses of Fenvalerate impair cognitive and behavioral development.Fenvalerate induces, through the Fas/FasL signaling pathway, the induction of Fenvalerate induces germ cell apoptosis in mouse testis through the Fas/FasL signaling pathway.

Okadaic acid is a potent polyether marine toxin that primarily accumulates in the digestive glands of marine mollusks. It is a highly effective and selective inhibitor of protein phosphatases (PPs). By inhibiting these phosphatases, okadaic acid increases the phosphorylation levels of various proteins, acts as a tumor promoter, and induces tau protein phosphorylation. It can be used to establish models of Alzheimer’s disease and skin cancer.

Cytostatin (sodium salt) is a natural antitumor inhibitor of cell adhesion to extracellular matrix, blocking adhesion of B16 melanoma cells to laminin and collagen type IV in vitro (IC50s = 1.3 and 1.4 μg/ml, respectively) and B16 cells metastatic activity in mice. It induces apoptosis of FS3 mouse fibrosarcoma cells (IC50 = 3.1 μg/ml). Cytostatin (sodium salt) potently and selectively inhibits protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A; IC50 = 29 nM against the catalytic subunit), while having no effect against PP1, PP2B, or PP5.

The cyanobacterium Nodularia spumigena often contaminates the drinking water of rural communities in developing countries and accumulates in mussels, flounder, and cod from the northern Baltic Sea. Nodularin is a hepatotoxic monocylic pentapeptide produced by the N. spumigena. It is a potent inhibitor of protein phosphatase types 1 (PP1) and 2A (PP2A), exhibiting IC50 values of 1.8 and 0.026 nM, respectively. PP2B is inhibited to a lesser extent with an IC50 of 1.8 μM. No apparent inhibitory effect is observed with PP2C, alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, insulin receptor tyrosine kinase, protein kinase A, phosphorylase kinase, or protein kinase C.

Cytostatin is a natural antitumor inhibitor of cell adhesion to extracellular matrix, blocking adhesion of B16 melanoma cells to laminin and collagen type IV in vitro (IC50s = 1.3 and 1.4 μg/ml, respectively) and B16 cells metastatic activity in mice. It induces apoptosis of FS3 mouse fibrosarcoma cells (IC50 = 3.1 μg/ml). Cytostatin potently and selectively inhibits protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A; IC50 = 29 nM against the catalytic subunit), while having no effect against PP1, PP2B, or PP5.

Okadaic acid ammonium salt is a marine toxin that acts as an inhibitor of protein phosphatases (PP), with the highest affinity for PP2A (IC50 = 0.1–0.3 nM), while also inhibiting PP1, PP3, PP4, and PP5, but not PP2C. By increasing the phosphorylation of various proteins, it functions as a tumor promoter and induces tau protein phosphorylation, commonly used to establish Alzheimer's disease models.

Fostriecin (free base) is an inhibitor of the serine threonine protein phosphatases 2A (PP2A) and 4 (PP4) (IC50s = 3.2 and 3 nM, respectively). It less effectively inhibits topoisomerase II and PP1 (IC50s = 40 and 131 μM, respectively) and does not inhibit PP2B. Through its effects on protein phosphatases, fostriecin increases the level of histone H3 phosphorylation and may alter epigenetic regulation of cell proliferation. On a related note, fostriecin was first identified as an antitumor antibiotic.

Fenvalerate (Standard) is the standard substance of Fenvalerate, and it is applicable for quantitative analysis, quality control, and related research in biochemical experiments. Fenvalerate (Evercide 2362) is a inhibitor of protein phosphatase 2B (calcineurin), a synthetic pyrethroid insecticide, and inhibits PP2B-Aα.High doses of Fenvalerate impair cognitive and behavioral development.Fenvalerate induces, through the Fas/FasL signaling pathway, the induction of Fenvalerate induces germ cell apoptosis in mouse testis through the Fas/FasL signaling pathway.