monosodium urate

Uric acid sodium is a potent and widely recognized antioxidant with the ability to scavenge oxygen free radicals, helping to maintain blood pressure stability and counteract oxidative stress. It effectively eliminates reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as singlet oxygen and peroxynitrite, and inhibits lipid peroxidation. Additionally, uric acid sodium is closely associated with the pathogenesis of gouty arthritis and the formation of calcium oxalate stones, and it can be used to induce hypertension models.

NLRP3-IN-51 (Compound 3q) is an effective activator of the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway (CAP). This compound demonstrates potential for treating gouty arthritis as it inhibits the production of IL-1β in THP-1 cells induced by monosodium urate (MSU). Furthermore, NLRP3-IN-51 suppresses the phosphorylation of NF-κBp65 triggered by MSU without impacting the self-cleavage and activation of NLRP3, pro-caspase 1, or the second messenger caspase-1. Therefore, the initial stage of NLRP3 inhibition by NLRP3-IN-51 occurs through the activation of CAP.

P2Y14R antagonist 1 (compound I-17) is a selective and potent P2Y14R antagonist (IC50=0.6 nM) with oral activity and good bioavailability that inhibits monosodium urate-induced inflammatory response in acute gouty arthritis by reducing inflammatory factor release via the NLRP3/GSDMD signaling pathway and cellular pyroptosis.