iron-free

Ferrichrome (iron-free) is a hydroxamate siderophore produced by various fungi (including U. sphaerogena) that facilitates iron chelation and uptake by these organisms and is also used by bacteria as a heterologous siderophore , including Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Ferrichrome (iron-free) (0.8 μM) inhibits concanavalin A-induced proliferation of mouse splenic monocytes and reduces the number of concanavalin A-stimulated CD4+ T cells. It also inhibits heme-catalyzed oxidation of LDL by hydrogen peroxide in a concentration-dependent manner.

Tiron free acid is a bioactive chemical.

Deferoxamine Mesylate (DFOM) is an iron chelator and ferroptosis inhibitor. Deferoxamine Mesylate binds free iron into a stable complex and reduces iron accumulation. Deferoxamine Mesylate up-regulates HIF-1α levels and induces apoptosis.

Ferroheme (protoheme) is the color-furnishing portion of hemoglobin. It is found free in tissues and as the prosthetic group in many hemeproteins. A Ferroheme or haem is a prosthetic group that consists of an iron atom contained in the center of a large heterocyclic organic ring called a porphyrin.

Broussochalcone A is a natural antioxidant and xanthine oxidase inhibitor (IC50 = 2.21 μM) that scavenges free radicals, inhibits iron-induced lipid peroxidation, and reduces nitric oxide synthesis in LPS-activated macrophages. Broussochalcone A induces apoptosis in human renal carcinoma cells by increasing ROS levels and activating the FOXO3 signaling pathway. Broussochalcone A is also a novel NR4A1 inhibitor that induces apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells through NR4A1-dependent pathways.

DeFer-2 is a ferritin PROTAC degrader (Kd= 17.1 μM). It triggers the degradation of ferritin leading to the accumulation of free iron ions and an increase in ROS, which subsequently initiates caspase 3-GSDME mediated pyroptosis in cancer cells. DeFer-2 significantly inhibits tumor growth and extends the survival of mice with subcutaneous B16F10 tumors, and it is useful for melanoma research.

CGP-75254A Free Acid is a novel oral iron chelator.

Ferric citrate as a source of iron used in cell culture applications can provide iron with a less toxic form compared to free iron salts.

Erastin2 is a ferroptosis inducer and inhibitor of the system xc- cystine/glutamate transporter.[1][2] It inhibits glutamate release in CCF-STTG1 cells (IC50 = 0.0035 µM) and induces cell death in HAP1 cells at 5 µM, an effect blocked by ferrostatin-1 or deferoxamine.[1][2] Erastin2 also induces ferroptotic cell death in HT-1080 cells (EC50 = 0.15 µM), an effect blocked by β-mercaptoethanol (EC50 > 20 µM).[3] Additionally, it increases lipid peroxidation in HT-1080 cells at 1 µM.

MAO-IN-M30 dihydrochloride is a highly potent non-selective inhibitor of MAO-A and MAO-B (IC50 < 0.1 μM). MAO-IN-M30 dihydrochloride is orally active and can cross the blood-brain barrier. It is an effective iron chelator and free radical scavenger. MAO-IN-M30 dihydrochloride has neuroprotective activity in in vitro and in vivo models of Parkinson's disease (PD). It increases brain dopamine, serotonin and norepinephrine and can serve as a lead drug for the development of multifunctional drugs to treat various neurodegenerative diseases.

Cu(II) protoporphyrin IX is a potent heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) inhibitor. It modulates iron metabolism and oxidative stress, serving as a biochemical probe for heme degradation research.

4-Methyldaphnetin (DHMC) is a potent inhibitor (low micromolar) of lipid peroxidation and scavengers of superoxide anion radicals and of aqueous alkylperoxyl radicals, but may be pro-oxidant (enhancing generation of hydroxyl radicals) in the presence of free iron ions.2. 4-Methyldaphnetin(7,8-Dihydroxy-4-methylcoumarin) inhibits the proinflammatory 5-lipoxygenase enzyme at micromolar concentrations.

Ferrocin A is a lipopeptide compound that targets the SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (nsp12). It binds stably to nsp12 and, by chelating iron, reduces the concentration of free iron in the environment. This action inhibits bacterial growth by preventing the acquisition of essential metal cations. As an iron-chelating antiviral agent, Ferrocin A is applicable for research in COVID-19 and bacterial infections.

Lirinidine is an alkaloid isolated from L. tulipifera leaves with antioxidant and anticancer properties. It exhibits moderate iron-reducing capacity and small free radical scavenging capacity in vitro and can be used in cosmetic research.

Apo-Bovine Transferrin is an iron-free transferrin that acts as a ligand for the transferrin receptor, facilitating iron release in endothelial cells. It can bind directly to hephaestin and convert Fe2+ to Fe3+. Apo-Bovine Transferrin likely works alongside ferroportin 1 to mediate iron efflux and is applicable in neuroretina research.

Holo-Human transferrin is an iron-loaded glycoprotein that serves as the primary iron-transporting molecule in human serum. Holo-Human transferrin binds ferric ions with high affinity and mediates their cellular uptake through transferrin receptor interactions, ensuring physiological iron homeostasis. Holo-Human transferrin is widely used in serum-free cell culture systems to provide bioavailable iron in a physiologically relevant form, supporting cellular growth and metabolism across diverse cell types.

Apo-Human transferrin (suitable for cell culture) is the iron-free form of transferrin that acts as a ligand for transferrin receptors (Transferrin receptor) to facilitate the release of iron from endothelial cells. This compound represents an iron-deficient environment and can directly bind with hephaestin to convert Fe2+ (ferrous ions) to Fe3+ (ferric ions). Apo-Bovine Transferrin is likely to work in conjunction with iron transporter 1 to mediate iron efflux.