excitatory neurotransmission

IDRA-21 is a positive AMPA receptor modulator.

YY-23 is a selective NMDAR (containing GluN2C or GluN2D) inhibitor. By inhibiting NMDARs with GluN2D on GABAergic interneurons in the prefrontal cortex, YY-23 suppresses GABAergic neurotransmission and enhances excitatory transmission. YY-23 exhibits antidepressant activity and is useful for neurological disease research.

5-Iodowillardiine is a selective agonist for specific kainate receptor subunits that robustly activates GluK1 (GluR5) and GluK5 (KA2)-containing receptors while displaying minimal activity at AMPA receptors and no measurable agonism toward GluK2 (GluR6) subunits. Despite its excitotoxic neurotoxic activity in vivo, 5-Iodowillardiine remains a powerful experimental tool for dissecting kainate receptor subtype distribution, synaptic function, and excitatory neurotransmission in the brain and spinal cord.

Pregnanolone sulfate (pyridinium) is an endogenous neurosteroid that acts as an inhibitor of NMDA receptors, which reduces excitatory glutamatergic neurotransmission and conferring neuroprotective effects, and is frequently used in neuroscience research to study synaptic modulation, excitotoxicity, neurodegeneration, and the regulatory roles of neurosteroids in central nervous system disorders.