etoposide phosphate

Etoposide phosphate is a phosphate salt of Etoposide, which binds to the enzyme topoisomerase II, then induces double-strand DNA breaks and inhibits DNA repair, leading to decreased DNA synthesis and tumor cell proliferation.

Etoposide phosphate disodium (BMY-40481 disodium), a phosphate ester prodrug of etoposide, is a potent chemotherapeutic agent that selectively inhibits topoisomerase II, hindering the re-ligation of DNA strands. Regarded as the active equivalent of etoposide, it effectively induces cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and autophagy in cancer cells.

Heptelidic acid (Koningic acid) is a sesquiterpenoid lactone antibiotic derived from the probiotic fungus Aspergillus oryzae, a selective GAPDH inhibitor. It downregulates caspase to inhibit etoposide-induced apoptosis. Heptelidic acid inhibits tau fibrillation in a concentration-dependent manner and exerts antitumor effects on extra-intestinal melanoma by controlling glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase activity.