defensive

Troxipide (Aplace), a new-type systemic non-antisecretory gastric cytoprotective agent, which is mucus-secreting, anti-ulcer, and anti-inflammatory properties irrespective of pH of stomach or duodenum.

ISOBERGAPTEN is a plant growth regulating substance, it is the principal constituents responsible for the antimycobacterial activity of the roots of Heracleum maximum; it may form an important class of natural defensive agents against fungi.

CLIP 86-100 acetate(648881-58-7 free base) is amino acids 86 to 100 fragment of class II-associated invariant chain peptide called CLIP. The major histocompatibility complex class II molecule displays peptide fragments of foreign proteins to trigger a defensive reaction from the immune system. Before insertion of the foreign peptides into the binding groove, a place-holding peptide CLIP is removed. CLIP 86-100 acetate(648881-58-7 free base) is accomplished by the molecule DM, which is shown to increase the dissociation rate of a CLIP peptide from class II.

DMNT is a naturally occurring homoterpene, a volatile organic compounds (VOCs) released by plants through a defense response that induces defensive Sporamin protease inhibitor activity in neighboring plants thereby warding off pests.

Ganglioside GM1 asialo is a component of cellular lipid rafts and can be formed by the cleavage of the sialic acid residue from ganglioside GM1 by neuraminidase. Ganglioside GM1 asialo is a glycolipid receptor for P. aeruginosa flagellin and stimulates defensive responses in host cells, including extracellular ATP release, calcium mobilization, and ERK1/2 phosphorylation when stimulated by flagellin and an anti-ganglioside GM1 asialo antibody. The percentage of ganglioside GM1 asialo-positive natural killer (NK) and CD8+ T cells in lung is increased in a mouse model of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection compared with healthy animals. Depletion of ganglioside GM1 asialo-positive NK and T cells reduces IFN-γ levels in the lung, reduces weight loss, and increases lung viral load in RSV-infected mice. Ganglioside GM1 asialo mixture contains ganglioside GM1 asialo molecular species with C18:1 and C20:1 sphingoid backbones.

7-Oxodehydroabietic acid is a diterpene resin acid located in the roots of Pinus densiflora (pine), functioning as a defensive agent against herbivorous insects by disrupting their endocrine systems.

Potent and selective corticotrophin releasing factor receptor 1 (CRF1) agonist (EC50 = 0.18 nM for rat CRF1). Displays anxiolytic and antidepressant activity in vivo. Microinfusion into mouse prefrontal cortex reduces defensive behavior in vivo.

CLIP (86-100) is an amino acids 86 to 100 fragment of the class II-associated invariant chain peptide called CLIP. The major histocompatibility complex class II molecule displays peptide fragments of foreign proteins to trigger an immune response. Before foreign peptides bind, a place-holding CLIP peptide is removed by the molecule DM, which increases the dissociation rate of CLIP from class II.

Onchidal is a major lipid-soluble component of the defensive secretion of the mollusk Onchidella binneyi and is responsible for the chemical protection of Onchidella.

BMS-665053 is a corticotropin-releasing factor-1 (CRF1) receptor antagonist (IC50 = 1.0 nM) that inhibits CRF-stimulated cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) production in human Y-79 retinoblastoma cells (IC50 = 4.9 nM). It is also efficacious in the Defensive Withdrawal model of anxiety in rats and has low in vivo clearance [Cl = 17 mL min kg, t½ = 7.8 h].