defensive

Troxipide (Aplace), a new-type systemic non-antisecretory gastric cytoprotective agent, which is mucus-secreting, anti-ulcer, and anti-inflammatory properties irrespective of pH of stomach or duodenum.

CLIP 86-100 acetate(648881-58-7 free base) is amino acids 86 to 100 fragment of class II-associated invariant chain peptide called CLIP. The major histocompatibility complex class II molecule displays peptide fragments of foreign proteins to trigger a defensive reaction from the immune system. Before insertion of the foreign peptides into the binding groove, a place-holding peptide CLIP is removed. CLIP 86-100 acetate(648881-58-7 free base) is accomplished by the molecule DM, which is shown to increase the dissociation rate of a CLIP peptide from class II.

Mezolidon (KM-1146) is a compound with anti-ulcer activity that operates by strengthening the defensive mechanisms of the gastric mucosa. It achieves this, in part, by enhancing and sustaining blood flow to the gastric mucosa and by safeguarding the gastric mucosal potential difference. Mezolidon is applicable in research focused on gastric mucosal protection.

BMS-665053 is a corticotropin-releasing factor-1 (CRF1) receptor antagonist (IC50 = 1.0 nM) that inhibits CRF-stimulated cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) production in human Y-79 retinoblastoma cells (IC50 = 4.9 nM). It is also efficacious in the Defensive Withdrawal model of anxiety in rats and has low in vivo clearance [Cl = 17 mL/min/kg, t½ = 7.8 h].

Onchidal is a major lipid-soluble component of the defensive secretion of the mollusk Onchidella binneyi and is responsible for the chemical protection of Onchidella.

Ganglioside GM1 asialo is a component of cellular lipid rafts and can be formed by the cleavage of the sialic acid residue from ganglioside GM1 by neuraminidase. Ganglioside GM1 asialo is a glycolipid receptor for P. aeruginosa flagellin and stimulates defensive responses in host cells, including extracellular ATP release, calcium mobilization, and ERK1/2 phosphorylation when stimulated by flagellin and an anti-ganglioside GM1 asialo antibody. The percentage of ganglioside GM1 asialo-positive natural killer (NK) and CD8+ T cells in lung is increased in a mouse model of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection compared with healthy animals. Depletion of ganglioside GM1 asialo-positive NK and T cells reduces IFN-γ levels in the lung, reduces weight loss, and increases lung viral load in RSV-infected mice. Ganglioside GM1 asialo mixture contains ganglioside GM1 asialo molecular species with C18:1 and C20:1 sphingoid backbones.

7-Oxodehydroabietic acid is a diterpene resin acid located in the roots of Pinus densiflora (pine), functioning as a defensive agent against herbivorous insects by disrupting their endocrine systems.

ISOBERGAPTEN is a plant growth regulating substance, it is the principal constituents responsible for the antimycobacterial activity of the roots of Heracleum maximum; it may form an important class of natural defensive agents against fungi.

DMNT is a naturally occurring homoterpene, a volatile organic compounds (VOCs) released by plants through a defense response that induces defensive Sporamin protease inhibitor activity in neighboring plants thereby warding off pests.

CLIP (86-100) is an amino acids 86 to 100 fragment of the class II-associated invariant chain peptide called CLIP. The major histocompatibility complex class II molecule displays peptide fragments of foreign proteins to trigger an immune response. Before foreign peptides bind, a place-holding CLIP peptide is removed by the molecule DM, which increases the dissociation rate of CLIP from class II.

Potent and selective corticotrophin releasing factor receptor 1 (CRF1) agonist (EC50 = 0.18 nM for rat CRF1). Displays anxiolytic and antidepressant activity in vivo. Microinfusion into mouse prefrontal cortex reduces defensive behavior in vivo.