cortex

γ-Aminobutyric acid (4-Aminobutyric acid) is the predominant inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system.

Deserpidine (Harmonyl) is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is an ester alkaloid drug isolated from Rauwolfia canescens (family Apocynaceae) with antipsychotic and antihypertensive properties that has been used for the control of high blood pressure and for the relief of psychotic behavior.Deserpidine's mechanism of action is through inhibition of the ATP Mg2+ pump responsible for the sequestering of neurotransmitters into storage vesicles located in the presynaptic neuron. Deserpidine is a competitive angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor. Deserpidine also decreases angiotensin II-induced aldosterone secretion by the adrenal cortex.

Dihydro-N-Caffeoyltyramine is a compound extracted from Lycii Cortex that has antioxidant and antifungal activities and can be used to study fungal infections.

Adrenosterone (11-ketoandrostenedione) is a steroid hormone isolated from the adrenal cortex.

trans-Urocanic Acid ((E)-Urocanic acid), a compound predominantly distributed in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex, is an isomer of cis-UCA, an epidermal UV-protectant, which enhances the stability of tenofovir eplerenomide in long-acting HIV applications. trans-Urocanic acid potently modulates immune trans-urocanic acid effectively modulates immune function, inhibits human natural killer cell activity in vitro, and can be used in Alzheimer's disease research.

(R)-5-Oxopyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid (D-Pyroglutamic acid) is a cyclic derivative of glutamic acid, physiologically present in mammalian tissues. It releases GABA from the cerebral cortex and exhibits anti-anxiety effects in a simple approach-avoidance conflict situation in rats. In clinical pharmacology experiments, it significantly shortens the plasma half-life of ethanol during acute intoxication.

Aldosterone, the primary mineralocorticoid, is synthesized and secreted by the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex in response to activation of the renin-angiotensin system or high dietary potassium.

Polygalacic acid (Virgaureagenin G) is a triterpenoid isolated from the root of Polygala tenuifolia Willd that inhibits MMP expression. Polygalacic acid (Virgaureagenin G) can significantly improve the responsiveness of the cholinergic system, such as decreased acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, increased choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) activity, and increased acetylcholine (ACh) levels in the hippocampus and frontal cortex. Polygalacic acid (Virgaureagenin G) can also inhibit IL-1β-induced Wnt/β-catenin activation and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways in chondrocytes, and is used in osteoarthritis (OA) related research.

Rosarin has anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects. Rosarin supresses the expression of the proinflammatory factors iNOS, IL-1 β, and TNF- α in the kidney and prefrontal cortex of brain in mice .

Polygalaxanthone XI is an xanthone glycoside isolated from the cortex of Polygala tenuifolia, which can be used in studies of expectorants and to promote psychostability.

Kukoamine B, as a constituent of Lycii Cortex, exhibits anti-acute inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and anti-diabetic characteristics.

Thymopentin acetate, primarily secreted by the epithelial cells of the thymic cortex and medulla, serves as an effective immunomodulatory agent. It possesses a short plasma half-life of 30 seconds and significantly enhances the generation of T-cell lineage from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) [1] [2].

7-Deoxy-trans-dihydronarciclasine is an alkaloid that functions as a tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) inhibitor with an IC50 of 1.80 μM and also serves as an anti-neuroinflammatory agent. This compound reduces Aβ and APP levels in the cerebral cortex of Tg2576 mice [1] [2] [3].

Polygalaxanthone XI is an xanthone glycoside isolated from the cortex of Polygala tenuifolia, which can be used in studies of expectorants and to promote psychostability.

1,4-Dideoxy-1,4-Imino-D-Arabinitol Hydrochloride is a naturally occurring, polyhydroxylated pyrrolidine alkaloid that has been isolated and characterized from various plant species, including Arachniodes standishii and Angylocalyx boutiqueanus, 1,4-Dideoxy-1,4-Imino-D-Arabinitol Hydrochloride functions as a potent inhibitor of certain glycosidase enzymes due to its structural mimicry of monosaccharide substrates.

Ganglioside GM1, a monosialylated ganglioside and the prototypical ganglioside, contains a single sialic acid residue. C18 Ganglioside GM1 is predominantly located in the brain, especially in the piriform cortex, amygdala nucleus, striatum, and hippocampal CA1 region. The C18 ganglioside GM1 (d20:1/18:0) to (d18:1/18:0) ratio is reduced in the outer molecular layer of the hippocampal dentate gyrus in Alzheimer's disease patients' postmortem tissue. Since this product is naturally sourced, variations in the sphingoid backbone may occur. [Matreya, LLC.]

Pseudolaric acid A-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (Pseudolaric acid A-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside) is a natural product with antibacterial, anticancer, and antifungal properties.

Moracin P, a 2-arylbenzofuran derivative isolated from Mori Cortex Radicis, shows potent in vitro inhibitory activity against hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF-1). This compound reduces oxygen-glucose deprivation-induced reactive oxygen species generation while demonstrating neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory properties.

Reptoside, which can be extracted from the roots and above-ground parts of Cortex Eucommiae and Ajuga chamaepitys (L.) Schreb, is one of the active cyclic enol ether terpene glycosides of Cortex Eucommiae for the treatment of osteoporosis.