anti-leishmanial agent

Niranthin is a potent anti-leishmanial agent, inhibits the relaxation activity of heterodimeric type IB topoisomerase of L. donovani and acts as a non-competitive inhibitor interacting with both subunits of the enzyme. Niranthin also exhibits anti-hepatitis B virus, antiinflammatory and antiallodynic actions.

Antileishmanial agent-12 (compound 5a) is a potent antileishmanial agent with antibacterial activity against Leishmania braziliensis (IC50: 14.9 μM), Leishmania infantum (IC50: 21.3 μM), and T. cruzi (IC50: 9.3 μM), demonstrating significant antiprotozoal effects.

Antileishmanial agent-6 is a potent anti-leishmanial agent with anti-leishmanial activity (IC50: 0.54 μM) and cytotoxicity (IC50: 10.2 μM) against Leishmania donovani and L-6.

Compound 17k, also known as Antileishmanial agent-30, effectively inhibits Leishmania with an IC50 of 0.2 μM for L. donovani. It exhibits a CC50 of >100 μM and an SI of >500, indicating significant selectivity and potency.

Antileishmanial agent-31 (Compound p1) is a pyrazole derivative exhibiting antileishmanial activity with an IC50 of 35.53 μg/mL. Furthermore, Antileishmanial agent-31 demonstrates high stability and is applicable in studies focused on leishmaniasis treatment.

Antileishmanial agent-33 (4e) is a hybrid compound of grandisin and machilin G, demonstrating moderate activity against promastigotes with an IC50 of 38.1 μM. In studies of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL), Antileishmanial agent-33 (4e) has shown potential as an antileishmanial agent.

Antileishmanial agent-26 (Compound 69) is a guanidine-containing compound with activity against *Leishmania donovani*, exhibiting an IC50 value of 5.67 μM and a CC50 value of 3.79 μM in THP-1 cells. This compound is applicable for research in tropical diseases.

Antileishmanial agent-27 (compound 7j) is a benzothiazole-coumarin derivative. It acts as a competitive inhibitor of arginyl-tRNA synthetase (ArgRS). This compound demonstrates selectivity towards the Leishmania donovani ArgRS (LdArgRS) over the human counterpart (HsArgRS), with IC50 values of 1.2 μM and 19 μM, respectively. Additionally, Antileishmanial agent-27 exhibits favorable pharmacokinetic properties.

Antileishmanial agent-29 (Compound 110) is an orally active compound that exhibits antileishmanial properties. It can protect mice from Leishmania infection when administered orally at doses of 40 or 60 mg/kg over a period of 10 days.

Antileishmanial agent-34 (Fig. (9), compound 3) is an aurone with activity against Leishmania parasites. It is effective against extracellular forms Lmaj, Ldon, Linf, and Lenr, as well as the intracellular form of Ldon (IC50 < 2 µg/mL).

Antileishmanial agent-35 (Compound 6) is an antileishmanial compound with an IC50 of 0.29 μM against the promastigotes of Leishmania amazonensis. It acts by disrupting the electron transport chain (where ubiquinone plays a role), markedly reducing mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP levels, and increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Antileishmanial agent-35 is applicable in the study of cutaneous leishmaniasis.

Antileishmanial agent-37 (Compound 1b) is an antileishmanial agent and acts as an inhibitor of TbPTR1 (IC50 value of 17.1 μM) and LmPTR1. It exhibits moderate efficacy against Leishmania infantum.

Antileishmanial agent-38 (compound 197) is a host-targeted small molecule exhibiting potent broad-spectrum activity against Leishmania spp. This compound primarily works by targeting host protein lysozyme to inhibit intracellular parasites and also shows direct activity against extracellular L. donovani promastigotes. Antileishmanial agent-38 is applicable in leishmaniasis research.

Antileishmanial agent-39 (Compound 4h) is an agent effective against Leishmania parasites. It shows antileishmanial activity against the axenic amastigote form of Leishmania infantum, with an IC50 value of 0.42 μM.

Antileishmanial agent-1 demonstrates activity against both L. amazonensis promastigotes (IC 50 = 15.52 μM) and intracellular amastigotes (IC 50 = 4.10 μM).

Antileishmanial agent-8 (compound 18) exhibits potent and selective activity against Leishmania donovani (L. donovani) with an IC50 of 5.64 μM and relatively low cytotoxicity in L-6 cells with an IC50 of 73.9 μM [1].

Antileishmanial agent-4, a ribonucleoside analogue, functions as an antileishmanial agent [1].

Antileishmanial agent-3 (Compound 13) effectively inhibits the growth of *Leishmania major* [1].

Antileishmanial agent-9 (compound 16c) exhibits potent and selective activity against Leishmania donovani (L. donovani) with an IC50 value of 4.01 μM, while demonstrating relatively low cytotoxicity in L-6 cells with an IC50 value of 40.1 μM [1].

Antileishmanial agent-4 is a ribonucleoside analogue with potent activity against L. infantum and T. cruzi, exhibiting EC50 values of 0.68 μM and 0.83 μM, respectively [1].

Antileishmanial agent-7 (compound 23) exhibits potent antileishmanial activity against Leishmania donovani with an IC50 of 6.89 μM and against L-6 with an IC50 of 259 μM [1].

Antileishmanial agent-10 (Compound 7h) is an antiprotozoal agent effective against leishmaniasis.

Antileishmanial agent-11 is a potent antileishmanial agent that acts on Leishmania brazilensis (IC50: 28.3 μM), Leishmania infantum (IC50: 24.8 μM) and T. cruzi (IC50: 13.0 μM) with outstanding antiprotozoal effect.

Antileishmanial agent-13, a quinoline-isatin hybrid, functions as an antileishmanial agent targeting the L. Major Leishmania strain through an anti-folate mechanism. This compound exhibits potent inhibition of both the promastigote and amastigote forms, boasting IC50 values of 0.604 μM and 0.508 μM, respectively.