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Polymyxin B is a polymyxin antibiotic with antimicrobial activity that acts by binding with high affinity to the LPS of the bacterial wall and by increasing the permeability of the bacterial cell membrane, and is used in the study of infections caused by drug-resistant (XDR) Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) Polymyxin B is used in the study of endotoxemia.

Polymyxin B Sulfate (Poly-RX) is a mixture of polymyxins B1 and B2, obtained from Bacillus polymyxa strains. They are basic polypeptides of about eight amino acids and have cationic detergent action on cell membranes. Polymyxin B Sulfate (Poly-RX) is used for infections with gram-negative organisms, but may be neurotoxic and nephrotoxic.