γ-glutamylcysteine (tfa)

Gamma-glutamylcysteine TFA (γ-glutamylcysteine TFA) is a precursor of glutathione (GSH) with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. It alleviates oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage induced by ethanol in hepatocytes by increasing cellular GSH, SOD activity, and mitochondrial membrane potential, protecting cells from alcohol-induced liver disease (ALD) by inhibiting oxidative stress, reducing inflammation, and preventing cell apoptosis.

Gamma-Glutamylcysteine is a natural dipeptide containing cysteine and glutamic acid, serving as a precursor to glutathione (GSH) and a cofactor for glutathione peroxidase (GPx). Gamma-Glutamylcysteine exhibits anti-inflammatory effects by upregulating IL-10 whilst downregulating TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β.

Gamma-glutamylcysteine ammonium is a crucial intermediate in the biosynthesis of Glutathione and is involved in the synthesis of Phytochelatin in plants.