β-hydroxybutyric acid

(R)-4-Amino-3-hydroxybutyric acid, also known as (R)-GABOB, acts as a modulator of GABA receptors, specifically binding to both GABAA and GABAB receptors and blocking GABA reuptake in rat brain synaptosomes. Additionally, it serves as a GABAC receptor agonist, triggering currents in patch-clamp assays with Xenopus oocytes that express the human receptor. In vivo studies reveal its capability to suppress electrical discharges in the amygdala in cats undergoing N-amidinobenzamide-triggered seizures, indicating its potential therapeutic application in managing seizure disorders.

4-(p-Biphenylyl)-3-hydroxybutyric acid is a useful organic compound for research related to life sciences and the catalog number is T124405.

3-(4-Chlorophenyl)-4-hydroxybutyric Acid (sodium salt) can be used in related research in the field of life sciences. Its product number is T36135 and CAS number is 1346603-21-1.

Gamibetal (4-Amino-3-hydroxybutyric Acid) is used as a chiral reagent in the synthesis of antiepileptic and hypotensive drug GABOB and analogues. Also used in the preparation of HIV-1 inhibitors derived from Betulinic Acid (B330250).

(S)-3-Hydroxybutanoic acid (L-(+)-3-Hydroxybutyric acid) is a normal human metabolite that has been found elevated in geriatric patients remitting from depression. (S)-3-Hydroxybutanoic acid is synthesized in the liver from acetyl-CoA in humans, and can be used as an energy source by the brain when blood glucose is low.

Butanoic acid is an endogenous human metabolite, an endogenous histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor. The IC50 of HDAC3, HDAC4 and HDAC1 were 2.4 mM, 4.5 mM and 5.3 mM, respectively. 3-Hydroxybutyric acid has the effects of energy metabolism, neuroprotection, anti-inflammatory, and improvement of insulin resistance.

3-Hydroxybutyric acid sodium (β-Hydroxybutyric acid sodium) is a metabolite found in type I diabetic patients that regulates membrane lipids.

2-Hydroxybutyric acid (α-Hydroxybutyric acid) is a product of protein metabolism and serves as a biomarker for type 2 diabetes and pre-eclampsia.

Sodium 2-hydroxybutanoate (alpha-hydroxybutyrate) is formed as a by-product of the formation of alpha-ketobutyrate via a reaction catalyzed by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) or alpha-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (alphaHBDH).

3-Hydroxybutyric acid-d4 (sodium) is the deuterated form of 3-Hydroxybutyric acid. Also known as β-Hydroxybutyric acid, 3-Hydroxybutyric acid is a metabolite that is elevated in Type I diabetes. It plays a role in regulating the properties of membrane lipids.

GET73 (Gamma hydroxybutyric acid analogue) is an negative allosteric modulator of mGluR5. GET73 is a naturally occurring neurotransmitter. GET73 has anti-alcohol and anxiolytic properties.

(S)-3,4-Dihydroxybutyric acid is a human urinary metabolite.

2,3-Dihydroxybutanoic acid is an anticancer agent extracted from the leaves of Corydalis plants. It exhibits anticancer activity both in vivo and in vitro and has a lethal effect on Ehrlich ascites tumor cells.

(S)-3,4-Dihydroxybutyric acid sodium is a normal metabolite found in human urine, with elevated levels observed in patients with succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase (SSADH) deficiency.

L-Homoserine ((S)-(-)-2-AMINO-4-HYDROXYBUTYRIC ACID) is a more reactive variant of the amino acid serine. In this variant, the hydroxyl side chain contains an additional CH2 group which brings the hydroxyl group closer to its own carboxyl group, allowing it to chemically react to form a five-membered ring. This occurs at the point that amino acids normally join to their neighbours in a peptide bond. L-Homoserine is therefore unsuitable for forming proteins and has been eliminated from the repertoire of amino acids used by living things. L-Homoserine is the final product on the C-terminal end of the N-terminal fragment following a cyanogen bromide cleavage.

(S)-3,4-Dihydroxybutyric acid (lithium hydrate) is a common metabolite found in human urine, with elevated levels observed in individuals suffering from succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase (SSADH) deficiency [1].

2-Ethyl-2-hydroxybutanoic acid is a hydroxy fatty acid and a metabolite of DEHP (Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate).

Poly(3-hydroxybutyric acid-co-3-hydroxyvaleric acid) is a biodegradable polymer used in the formation of nanoparticles for drug delivery.

DL-β-Hydroxybutyryl coenzyme A lithium, an intermediate in butyric acid fermentation and lysine and tryptophan metabolism, is synthesized from β-hydroxybutyric acid by short-chain-CoA synthase [1] [2].