Coniogramme

4-Oxododecanedioic acid is an organic acid containing a ketone group that can be used in studies related to organic synthesis and fatty acid metabolism. Studies related to its structural analog dodecanedioic acid have found that intake of long-chain dicarboxylic acid increases beta-oxidation of fatty acids, decreases body fat accumulation, and improves glucose tolerance.

Volemitol is a natural heptitol with important physiological functions. It is the major non-structural carbohydrate in leaves at various developmental stages, acting as a photosynthetic product for phloem transport and a storage carbohydrate. Its biosynthesis is catalyzed by a novel NADPH-dependent ketose reductase.