Fraxetin (7,8-dihydroxy-6-methoxy coumarin) has dual-antioxidative ,hepatoprotective and antihyperglycemic functions, it shows potent protective effects against CCl4 induced oxidative stress and hepatic fibrosis, has a marked inhibitory effect on S.aureus proliferation. It increased the level of Nrf2/ARE, and HO-1, inhibit the formation of ROS, cytochrome c release, activation of caspase-3 and 9, and suppressed the up-regulation of Bax.

1. Isofraxidin (Phytodolor) protects leukemia cells from radiation-induced apoptosis via ROS/mitochondria pathway in a p53-independent manner. 2. Isofraxidin has a protective effect against LPS-induced ALI, and the protective effect of Isofraxidin seems to result from the inhibition of COX-2 protein expression in the lung, which regulates the production of PGE2. 3. Isofraxidin possesses significant analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities that may be mediated through the regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, TNF-α and the phosphorylation of p38 and ERK1/2.

Fraxin (Fraxoside) is a glucoside of fraxetin.

6-Methylcoumarin (Toncarine) (6MC) is a semisynthetic coumarin with important in vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory activity.

Fraxinol is a predicted metabolite generated by BioTransformer¹ that is produced by the metabolism of 5, 7-dimethoxy-2h-chromen-2-one. It is generated by cyp1a2, cyp2a6, cyp2b6, cyp2c9, cyp2c19, and cyp2e1 enzymes via an aromatic-hydroxylation-of-fused-be

7-Methylcoumarin with strong hepatoprotective activity.

Quercetin 3-O-robinobioside is a quercetin-derived flavonol that exhibits strong antioxidant properties and demonstrates in vitro inhibitory activity against leukemia K562 cells, Quercetin 3-O-robinobioside supports cancer biology, oxidative stress research, as well as natural product-based drug discovery focused on antiproliferative and cytoprotective mechanisms.