1. Genkwanin (Apigenin 7-methyl ether) exerts its anti-inflammatory effect mainly through the regulation of the miR-11/MKP-1/MAPK pathway. 2. Genkwanin is transported by both passive diffusion and multidrug resistance protein (MDR)-mediated efflux mechanisms.

Clerodendrin (Apigenin-7-O-glucuronopyranosyl(1-2)-glucuronopyranoside) is a new neodentate diterpenoid isolated from the leaves of Clerodendron trichotomm, a radish sawfly Athalia Clerodendrin is an interleukin-4 (IL-4) inhibitor and β-hexosaminidase (Hex) inhibitor.

Protocatechuic acid 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside is a natural phenolic glucoside widely used in biochemical experiments and drug synthesis research.

Inhalation challenge with capsaicin and rapid intravenous injection of Lobelin and alinamin indicated that peripheral c-fiber receptors were involved in the induction of coughing.