Lobetyolin (Praeruptorin D) is compound derived from Codonopsis pilosula with antioxidative effect.

Lobetyolinin is a compound from Codonopsis pilosula with acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory and antiarrhythmic activities.

Tangshenoside I is a natural product isolated from Codonopsis pilosula, which may be related to the its hematopoietic and immune functions and has a weak α-glucosidase inhibitory activity.

Dangshen polysaccharide is derived from the Codonopsis pilosula plant and exerts anti-inflammatory effects in treating gastric ulcers, gastritis, and gastric cancer by targeting the PI3K-AKT pathway and HIF-1 pathway.

Cycloartenol (Handianol) is a plant sterol compound found widely in plants with anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, antioxidant, and antibacterial properties. It inhibits glioma cell migration and p38 MAPK phosphorylation, and is used in plant growth and development studies.

Taraxerol acetate exhibits significant antiviral activity against herpes simplex virus type II, while exerting comparatively weaker effects on cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in AGS gastric cancer cells than taraxerol. Taraxerol acetate is a bioactive triterpene constituent of Anoectochilus roxburghiana, where its contribution to the plant’s antidiabetic activity is mechanistically associated with protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) inhibition alongside betulin and betulinic acid, highlighting its relevance for antiviral, metabolic disease, and natural product pharmacology research.

Lobetyol shows significant antioxidant activity, it exhibits DPPH radical scavenging activity.

D-(+)-Melezitose is a non-reducing trisaccharide used for identifying indole-positive and indole-negative clinical isolates of Klebsiella spp. It exhibits inhibitory activity against sucrose phosphatase.