warburg effect

SR9243, an LXR inverse agonist, can induce LXR-corepressor interaction; shows anticancer activity and selectively targets the lipogenesis and Warburg effect.

PDHK1-IN-1 (compound 17) is a selective inhibitor of PDHK1 with an IC50 value of 1.5 μM, demonstrating anticancer properties. PDHK1 negatively regulates the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC), thereby restricting the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and oxidative phosphorylation. Overexpression of PDHK1 leads to increased reliance on glycolysis (Warburg effect). PDHK1-IN-1 inhibits phosphorylation at the PDHK1 recognition site PDC E1α Ser232 and also suppresses phosphorylation of Ser293.

PKM2 activator 2, with an AC50 value of 66 nM, is a pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) activator that demonstrates anti-tumor proliferative properties and attenuates the Warburg effect by normalizing cellular glycolytic metabolism through the activation of PKM2.

ZMF-23, a PAK1 HDAC6 dual inhibitor, suppresses PAK1 and HDAC6-mediated aerobic glycolysis and cellular migration while inducing TNF-α-regulated necroptosis and augmenting apoptosis. The compound effectively hampers the Warburg effect and cell motility, positioning it as a potential research tool for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) [1].