uncoupling oxidative phosphorylation

Rafoxanide as a dual CDK4/6 inhibitor for the treatment of skin cancer. Rafoxanide is a salicylanilide used as an anthelmintic. It is used to treat fluke, hookworm and other infestations.

Niclosamide is a classic salicylanilide antiparasitic drug and a multi-target, low-toxicity, broad-spectrum small-molecule modulator with anthelmintic and antitumor activity. Niclosamide disrupts the parasite’s energy metabolism by uncoupling mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, leading to reduced ATP production and ultimately killing the parasite. Niclosamide is a STAT3 inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.25 μM in HeLa cells.

MS-L6 is an inhibitor of the mitochondrial respiratory complex I (ETC-I) with uncoupling properties. This product blocks oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) by inhibiting NADH oxidation and exerting uncoupling effects. MS-L6 reduces mitochondrial membrane potential, inhibits ATP production, and induces mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis in tumor cells.

Bromethalin works by uncoupling mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation.