tenofovir diphosphate

Tenofovir diphosphate (TFV-DP) is a competitive inhibitor of DNA polymerases, specifically targeting dATP, and functions as a substrate for the reverse transcriptase (RT) of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)[1].

Tenofovir diphosphate is an inhibitor of HIV reverse transcriptase (Kis = 0.022 and 1.55 μM for RNA and DNA, respectively) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) polymerase (Ki = 0.18 μM). It is selective for these enzymes over DNA polymerase α and β, as well as mitochondrial DNA polymerase γ (Kis = 5.2, 81.7, and 59.5 μM, respectively). Tenofovir diphosphate is formed intracellularly through phosphorylation of the prodrugs tenofovir and tenofovir disoproxil by nucleotide kinases. Increased levels of tenofovir diphosphate in isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) correlate with a decrease in the risk of simian HIV (SHIV) acquisition in a macaque model of rectal SHIV transmission.

Tenofovir diphosphate triethylamine (TFV-DP triethylamine) is a competitive inhibitor of DNA polymerases for dATP and acts as a substrate for HIV type 1 reverse transcriptase (HIV-1 RT)[1].

Tenofovir diphosphate TEA (TFV-DP TEA) is the triethylamine salt of TFV-DP, an ATP-competitive DNA polymerase inhibitor that inhibits HIV-1 reverse transcriptase. It has anti-HIV/HBV potential through its incorporation into the viral DNA strand to terminate viral DNA synthesis and thus inhibit viral genome replication.

Tenofovir diphosphate disodium is an antiretroviral nucleotide analogue that potently inhibits HIV reverse transcriptase DNA synthesis with a Ki of 1.55 μM and RNA-dependent activity with a Ki of 0.022 μM, thereby blocking viral replication. Tenofovir diphosphate disodium is widely used in AIDS research to study antiviral mechanisms, resistance development, and nucleotide-based therapeutic strategies.