t-currents

1-Octanol, a saturated fatty alcohol, functions as an inhibitor of T-type calcium channels (T-channels), showing an inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 4 μM for native T-currents[1]. Additionally, 1-Octanol is recognized for its potential as a biofuel, possessing diesel-like properties[2].

Oxodipine, a dihydropyridine-type calcium antagonist, inhibited KCl-induced aortic contraction in rabbits and reduced cardiac force in less potent rat ventricular test-paper contractions. In rat cultured neonatal ventricular myocytes, Oxodipine reduced L-type Ca currents (I) with an IC of 0.24 μM, and against T-type Ca currents (I) with an IC of 0.41 μM. Oxodipine causes constipation in mice and gingival hyperplasia in dogs.

Zonisamide (AD 810), a sulfonamide anticonvulsant, is approved for use as an adjunctive treatment in adults with partial-onset seizures. It may inhibit a carbonic anhydrase although this is not one of the main mechanisms of action. Zonisamide may act by blocking repetitive firing of voltage-gated sodium channels results in a reduction of T-type calcium channel currents, or by binding allosterically to GABA receptors. This latter action may lower the uptake of the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA while increasing the uptake of the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate.

Mibefradil dihydrochloride (Ro 40-5967 (dihydrochloride)) is an blocker of calcium channel with moderate selectivity for T-type Ca2+ channels (T-type and L-type currents with IC50s of 2.7 μM and 18.6 μM, respectively).

TTA-P2 (T-Type calcium channel inhibitor) is a potent inhibitor of T-type calcium channels. It effectively penetrates the CNS and blocks natural T-type currents in deep cerebellar nucleus neurons, completely eliminating window currents in wild-type and mutant Cav3.1 channels. [research]

ShK toxin, isolated from the Caribbean sea anemone (Stichodactyla helianthus), is an inhibitor of the voltage-dependent potassium channel (Kv1.3 channel). It competes with dendrotoxin I and α-dendrotoxin in binding to rat brain synaptosomal membranes and promotes acetylcholine release. Additionally, ShK toxin reduces K+ currents in cultured rat dorsal root ganglion neurons and inhibits T lymphocyte proliferation [1] [2].

Azemiopsin, a potent inhibitor of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR), demonstrates half maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50s) of 0.18 μM for T. californica nAChR and 22 μM for human α7 nAChR. Moreover, it effectively blocks acetylcholine-induced currents in Xenopus oocytes that heterologously express human muscle-type nAChR [1].

Zonisamide-D4 is a deuterated compound of Zonisamide. Zonisamide (T0267) has a CAS number of 68291-97-4. Zonisamide, a sulfonamide anticonvulsant, is approved for use as an adjunctive treatment in adults with partial-onset seizures. It may inhibit a carbonic anhydrase although this is not one of the main mechanisms of action. Zonisamide (T0267) may act by blocking repetitive firing of voltage-gated sodium channels results in a reduction of T-type calcium channel currents, or by binding allosterically to GABA receptors. This latter action may lower the uptake of the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA while increasing the uptake of the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate.

1-Octanol-D17 is a deuterated form of 1-Octanol. 1-Octanol (T10024) (Octanol) is a saturated fatty alcohol and acts as an inhibitor of T-type calcium channels (T-channels), with an IC50 of 4 μM for native T-currents. Additionally, 1-Octanol (T10024) is an appealing biofuel with characteristics similar to diesel.

Zonisamide (Standard) is a reference standard for research and analysis in studies involving Zonisamide. Zonisamide (AD 810), a sulfonamide anticonvulsant, is approved for use as an adjunctive treatment in adults with partial-onset seizures. It may inhibit a carbonic anhydrase although this is not one of the main mechanisms of action. Zonisamide may act by blocking repetitive firing of voltage-gated sodium channels results in a reduction of T-type calcium channel currents, or by binding allosterically to GABA receptors. This latter action may lower the uptake of the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA while increasing the uptake of the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate.

Extremely potent KV1.3 channel blocker (Kd = 23 pM for mKV1.3 currents). Selective for KV1.3 over other mammalian potassium channels (IC50 values are 23, 1800, 10500, 37000 and 39000 pM for mKV1.3, mKV1.1, hKV1.6, mKV1.4 and rKV1.2 respectively, and >1000

TAT-CBD3A6K acetate is a modified TAT-CBD3 peptide. It decreases T-type and R-type voltage-dependent calcium currents in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. By inhibiting CRMP-2 mediated enhancement of T-type and R-type calcium channel functions, TAT-CBD3A6K acetate demonstrates anti-nociception in a model of AIDS-induced peripheral neuropathy.

TAT-CBD3A6K is a modified TAT-CBD3 peptide. It reduces T-type and R-type voltage-dependent calcium currents in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. By inhibiting CRMP-2-mediated enhancement of T-type and R-type calcium channel function, TAT-CBD3A6K exhibits anti-nociceptive effects in models of AIDS-induced peripheral neuropathy.

ShK toxin TFA (Stichodactyla helianthus neurotoxin TFA) is a neurotoxin that inhibits voltage-gated potassium channels (Kv1.3 channels). This toxin can be isolated from the crude extracts of the Caribbean sea anemone (Stichodactyla helianthus). It competes with Dendrotoxin I and α-dendrotoxin for binding to rat brain synaptosomal membranes, facilitating the release of acetylcholine. ShK toxin TFA suppresses K+ currents in cultured rat dorsal root ganglion neurons and also inhibits T lymphocyte proliferation.

Mibefradil is a calcium channel blocker with moderate selectivity for T-type Ca2+ channels (IC50s: 2.7 μM and 18.6 μM for T-type and L-type currents).