o-glycosylation

T3Inh-1 is a potent and selective ppGalNAc-T3 inhibitor with IC50 of 7 µM. T3Inh-1 protects against breast cancer cells. T3Inh-1 reduces FGF23 hormone levels in tissue cells and mice without causing any toxic side effects.

D-(+)-Xylose (Wood sugar) is an aldopentose - a monosaccharide containing five carbon atoms and an aldehyde functional group. It has chemical formula C5H10O5 and is 40% as sweet as sucrose. Xylose is also found in mucopolysaccharides of connective tissue and sometimes in the urine. Xylose is the first sugar added to serine or threonine residues during proteoglycan type O-glycosylation. Therefore xylose is involved in the biosythetic pathways of most anionic polysaccharides such as heparan sulphate and chondroitin sulphate. In medicine, xylose is used to test for malabsorption by administering a xylose solution to the patient after fasting. If xylose is detected in the blood and/or urine within the next few hours, it has been absorbed by the intestines. Xylose is said to be one of eight sugars which are essential for human nutrition, the others being galactose, glucose, mannose, N-acetylglucosamine, N-acetylgalactosamine, fucose, and sialic acid. . Xylose in the urine is a biomarker for the consumption of apples and other fruits.

Benzyl-α-GalNAc (O-glycosylation-IN-1) is a potent inhibitor of O-glycosylation and is used to reduce mucin on cell surfaces.

Caffeic acid 4-O-glucoside (Linocaffein), a glycosylation product of Caffeic acid, reverses Aβ25-35-induced axonal atrophy and induces axonal regeneration in mouse cortical neurons, and can be used in Alzheimer's disease research.

3,4,6-Tri-O-benzyl-β-D-mannopyranose 1,2-(methyl orthoacetate) is a synthetic intermediate used in glycosylation reactions. Typically, the methyl orthoester protecting group is first removed by mild acid hydrolysis, producing a glycosyl donor. Removal of the O-benzyl protecting groups is performed late in the synthesis.

Chrysin 7-O-beta-gentiobioside (Chrysin 7-O-β-gentiobioside), a glycosylation product of Chrysin, is derived from Spartium junceum.

FMOC-L-THR (AZP-531) is an analogue of unacylated ghrelin designed to improve glycaemic control and reduce weight. The O-glycosidic linkage and the O-acetyl protection in this building block is stable to both piperidine and TFA, making it completely compatible with standard protocols in Fmoc solid phase peptide synthesis. The Tn antigen is a tumor-associated carbohydrate antigen that is not normally expressed in peripheral tissues or blood cells. Expression of this antigen, which is found in a majority of human carcinomas of all types, arises from a blockage in the normal O-glycosylation pathway in which glycans are extended from the common precursor GalNAcα1-O-Ser/Thr (Tn +antigen)[1].

Ac5GalNTGc, an analog of hexosamine, inhibits mucin-type O-linked glycosylation biosynthesis [1].

ZJ-101, a structurally simplified analog of the marine natural product superstolide A, exhibits potent antiproliferative activity by targeting and inhibiting O-glycosylation, thereby modulating the endomembrane system and inhibiting cell-cell adhesion [1].

D-(+)-Xylose (Standard) is the standard substance of D-(+)-Xylose, and it is applicable for quantitative analysis, quality control, and related research in biochemical experiments. D-(+)-Xylose (Wood sugar) is an aldopentose - a monosaccharide containing five carbon atoms and an aldehyde functional group. It has chemical formula C5H10O5 and is 40% as sweet as sucrose. Xylose is also found in mucopolysaccharides of connective tissue and sometimes in the urine. Xylose is the first sugar added to serine or threonine residues during proteoglycan type O-glycosylation. Therefore xylose is involved in the biosythetic pathways of most anionic polysaccharides such as heparan sulphate and chondroitin sulphate. In medicine, xylose is used to test for malabsorption by administering a xylose solution to the patient after fasting. If xylose is detected in the blood and/or urine within the next few hours, it has been absorbed by the intestines. Xylose is said to be one of eight sugars which are essential for human nutrition, the others being galactose, glucose, mannose, N-acetylglucosamine, N-acetylgalactosamine, fucose, and sialic acid. . Xylose in the urine is a biomarker for the consumption of apples and other fruits.

3-Deoxy-1,2;5,6-di-O-isopropylidene-D-glucofuranose is a polysaccharide oligosaccharide. It is used in glycosylation synthesis and can be custom synthesized for use as a carbohydrate in drugs. It has antiviral activity against Epstein-Barr virus by inhibiting viral protein synthesis.

O-GlyCORTAR protease, recombinantly expressed from E.coli and tagged with His, is an enzyme that relies on O-glycans to cleave proteins carrying mucin-type O-glycans, including sialylated substrates and glycosylated Serine and Threonine residues at the N-terminus. This protease can process various O-glycan structures, such as sialylated core 1 and core 2 configurations, as well as the Tn antigen. Notably, O-GlyCORTAR protease does not cleave terminally modified serine or threonine residues, nor does it act on N-glycosylation sites of glycoproteins.

N-Acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 14 (GALNT14) is a mucin-type glycosylation enzyme polypeptide that enhances the migration of ovarian cancer by modifying Mucin 13 (MUC13). GALNT14 regulates the O-glycosylation and stability of MUC13, thereby facilitating the malignant behavior of ovarian cancer cells.

N-Acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 1 (GALNT1) is a glycosyltransferase that initiates mucin-type O-glycosylation by transferring α-GalNAc from UDP-GalNAc to serine (Ser) or threonine (Thr) residues in proteins. Overexpression of N-Acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 1 in gastric cancer enhances the aberrant O-glycosylation of CD44, activating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and influencing the malignant behavior of gastric cancer cells. This enzyme plays a crucial role in cancer progression and metastasis by modifying the O-glycosylation of various glycoproteins such as mucin (MUC1), osteopontin (OPN), matrix metalloproteinase-14 (MMP14), and integrin α3.

1,2,3,4-Tetra-O-acetyl-β-D-glucopyranose, 96% (1,2,3,4-Tetra-O-acetyl-beta-D-glucopyranose, 96%) is utilized in glycoscience research, specifically for investigating glycosylation mechanisms, glycosidic bond formation, and stereochemistry.

Methyl 2,3,5-tri-O-benzyl-β-D-ribofuranoside is a glycosylation reagent used for synthesizing oligosaccharides and polysaccharides.

1,2,3,4-Tetra-O-acetyl-alpha-L-fucopyranose is an organic compound frequently utilized as a substrate or reference standard in enzymology and carbohydrate chemistry research. It is applicable in synthesizing polysaccharide analogs, drug development, and biotechnology, and plays a significant role in studies on glycosylation chemistry and carbohydrate metabolism pathways. Additionally, this compound serves as a catalyst or buffer in certain biochemical reactions.