lithium hydrate

Hydroxypyruvic acid lithium hydrate is an intermediate in the metabolism of serine, glycine, and threonine. It is a substrate for serine-pyruvate aminotransferase and glyoxylate reductase hydroxypyruvate reductase.

(S)-3,4-Dihydroxybutyric acid (lithium hydrate) is a common metabolite found in human urine, with elevated levels observed in individuals suffering from succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase (SSADH) deficiency [1].

AMP-PNP lithium hydrate is a non-hydrolyzable ATP analog. It can substitute for ATP in biological research and is not hydrolyzed by intracellular enzymes. In a study on the vitamin B12 transporter BtuCD-F, AMP-PNP was found to block the channels formed by the two BtuCD components of the BtuCD-F complex, thereby preventing the entry of vitamin B12.

Phospho-L-arginine is a phosphorylated form of L-arginine and a highly diffusible, high-energy metabolite and phosphagen involved in energy storage in invertebrates including crustaceans, insects, and Trypanosoma species. In the locust L. migratoria, phospho-L-arginine is found in the flight muscles, where it acts as both a buffer system and shuttle mechanism for high-energy phosphate. Measurement of phospho-L-arginine by 31P-NMR spectroscopy has been used to study invertebrate energy metabolism in vivo.

Adenosine 3'-phosphate 5'-phosphosulfate lithium is a cosubstrate used in glycoconjugate sulfation processes. It can be applied in specific Golgi phosphoadenosine 3'-phosphatase-coupled sulfotransferase assays, functioning as the donor substrate for transferring sulfate groups.