l-cysteine, monohydrate

L-Cysteic acid monohydrate (3-Sulfo-L-alanine Monohydrate) is an oxidation product of L-cysteine that may be used as a competitive inhibitor of the bacterial aspartate: alanine antiporter (AspT) exchange of aspartate and in other aspartate biological systems. L-Cysteic acid monohydrate is used in monomeric surfactant development. L-Cysteic acid monohydrate may be used in studies of excitatory amino acids in the brain, such as those that bind to cysteine sulfinic acid receptors. It is a useful agonist at several rat metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs).

L-Cysteine hydrochloride hydrate (L-Cysteine hydrochloride monohydrate) is a conditionally essential amino acid, which acts as a precursor for biologically active molecules such as hydrogen sulphide (H2S), taurine and glutathione. L-Cysteine hydrochloride hydrate suppresses ghrelin and reduces appetite in rodents and humans.

Cysteine monohydrate is a semi-essential proteinogenic amino acid.

S-Carboxymethyl-L-cysteine L-lysine monohydrate (Carbocisteine lysine) is a mucolytic agent with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, utilized in the study of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

L-Cystine disodium monohydrate is the orally active extracellular form of L-Cysteine found in plant and animal proteins. It enhances the expression of the Nrf2 protein and activates the Nrf2 transcription factor. Additionally, L-Cystine disodium monohydrate decreases the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and safeguards cells from oxidant or Doxorubicin-induced apoptosis. When used with L-theanine, it boosts the production of antigen-specific IgG by increasing glutathione (GSH) levels and Th2-mediated responses. L-Cystine disodium monohydrate shows potential for research into cystinosis and kidney stones.